Download TOTAL MARKS: 100

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
PHARMACEUTICS I: PHM502
SEMESTER ONE FINAL EXAMINATION (30%), 2015
TOTAL MARKS: 100
TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS, PLUS 10 MINUTES READING TIME
Instructions
 No books, written materials or notes may be taken into the examination room.
 Non-programmable calculators may be taken into the examination room.
 Attempt ALL questions.
 ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THE ANSWER BOOKLET PROVIDED.
 Write your student ID on each page of the answer booklet.
 Marks for each section are as follows:
SECTION A: Multiple Choice
15 marks
SECTION B: Short Answer Questions
50 marks
SECTION C: Calculations
25 marks
SCETION D: Essay
10 marks
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TOTAL
100 MARKS
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SECTION A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(15 MARKS)
Choose the correct answer and write the LETTER (A, B, C, D, or E) of the correct
answer in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. Which of the following Latin abbreviations used in prescription writing refers to
‘between meals’?
A. IM
B. am
C. ac
D. ic
E. bm
2. Which of the following statements regarding pharmaceutical solutions is
CORRECT?
A. Solutions have a slower onset of effect compared to suspensions
B. Solutions do not undergo disintegration process
C. Solutions are cheaper and easy to mass produce compared to tablets
D. Solutions should always contain one solute dissolved in a solvent
E. Solutions usually have a longer shelf-life compared to tablets
3. Which of the following is NOT a legal requirement of a prescription?
A. Prescribers signature
B. Patients name and address
C. Pharmacists name and address
D. Patients age and/or weight (if child or elderly)
E. Medication details
4. Flucloxacillin Suspension is available in 125mg/5mL strength. The
recommended dose for a child is 15mg/kg. What dose (in milliliters) of the
suspension would be given to a child weighing 10kg?
A. 6mL
B. 30mL
C. 5mL
D. 5.6mL
5. Which of the following statements regarding Excipients is CORRECT?
A. The part of the prepared medication that exerts therapeutic effect.
B. The substance that bulks up the preparation
C. The non-active components of the medicaments with no therapeutic
effects
D. The substance that makes up most of the preparation and is added the
last in the formulation procedure.
E. None of the above
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6. Which route of administration is unsuitable for use in patients with Dysphagia?
A. Rectal
B. Topical
C. Oral
D. Parenteral
E. Transdermal
7. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the buccal route of drug delivery?
A. Relatively quick onset of action
B. Avoids first pass metabolism
C. Can be used for unconscious patients
D. Since tablets are not swallowed, can be used to administer antiemetic
drugs
E. Has high drug bioavailability compared to parenteral route
8. Which of the following regarding Liniments is CORRECT:
A. Are for both external and internal use
B. Should be applied without friction
C. Can be used on broken skin
D. Are mostly used for moisturizing effect
E. Has pain relieving and rubefacient properties
9. Which of the following gives a local drug effect?
A. Paracetamol tablets taken for pain relief
B. Tablets taken to reduce blood pressure
C. Menthol inhalation for nasal congestion
D. Penicillin injection to treat infection
E. Nicotine patch for smoking cessation
10. Which of the following regarding use of Artificial sweeteners is CORRECT:
A. Cannot be used for people with diabetes
B. Can impart bitter or metallic after-taste
C. Are much less intense sweeteners compared with sucrose
D. Are used at a higher concentrations compared to natural sweeteners
E. None of the above
11. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. Water for injection is pyrogen free
B. Purified water is made by distillation of portable water
C. Aromatic waters are used as vehicles in oral solutions
D. Purified water needs to be sterile
E. Portable water is drinking water drawn fresh from supply
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12. Which of the following is an example of a chelating agent used in pharmaceutical
formulations?
A. Citric acid
B. Boric acid
C. Benzoic acid
D. Benzalkonium chloride
E. Acetic acid
13. What quantity (in milligrams) of citric acid is required to make 125mL of a
5%w/v solution?
A. 6.25mg
B. 625mg
C. 6250mg
D. 62.5mg
E. 0.625mg
14. A dosage form must have a minimum of an:
A. Active ingredient, excipient and a vehicle
B. Active ingredient and an excipient
C. Active ingredient and a vehicle
D. Excipient and a vehicle
15. Which of the following is an example of a natural coloring agent?
A. Caramel
B. Chlorobutanol
C. Titanium dioxide
D. Amaranth
E. Anise oil
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SECTION B
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
(50 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
1. What do the following Latin abbreviations mean in English when used in
prescription writing?
(0.5 marks each)
a) qqh
b) stat
c) on
d) gtt
e) mdu
2. Explain what is meant by the following terms:
(2 marks each)
a) Saturated solution
b) Systemic drug action
c) Bioavailability
d) Polymorphism
e) Eutectic Mixture
f) Prescription
3. Drug X undergoes ‘first-pass metabolism’. Define the term ‘first-pass metabolism’
and how will this affect the bioavailability of Drug X.
(2.5 marks)
4. Mr. RS who is admitted at the Intensive Care Unit needs to be on Drug Y, which is
available in Tablet and Injection forms.
a) Discuss THREE reasons why drug administration through the
Parenteral route would be the best option for Mr. RS.
(1.5 marks)
b) List THREE disadvantages of administering drugs via Parenteral route.
(1.5 marks)
5. Propylene glycol is commonly used as a co-solvent in pharmaceutical
formulations. Define the term Co-solvent using another example.
(2 marks)
6. Antimicrobial preservatives are commonly used in pharmaceutical preparations.
List SIX properties of an ideal antimicrobial preservative.
(3 marks)
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7. Discuss the THREE specialized routes of administering drugs parenterally.
(3 marks)
8. Discuss how the following factors affect the solubility of solids in liquids:
(1.5 marks each)
a) Temperature
b) Particle size of the solid
c) pH
d) Common ion effect
9. Identify THREE types of Tablet excipients. Discuss their role in tablet
formulation.
(3 marks)
10. Define the following types of dosage forms:
(1 mark each)
a) Implants
b) Aerosols
c) Ointments
d) Mixtures
e) Paints
11. Dosage Form is the physical form of a dose of a chemical compound. Discuss why
there is a need for pharmaceutical dosage forms?
12. List
TWO
differences
between
Pre-compounded
prescriptions.
13. List the SIX steps involved in the dispensing process.
(3 marks)
and
Extemporaneous
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
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SECTION C
CALCULATIONS
(25 MARKS)
Show FULL calculations for ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOKLET
1. Calculate the quantity (in grams) of Betamethasone ointment 70% that should be
mixed with 0.5Kg of a 1 in 5 ointment to make 50% Betamethasone ointment.
(2.5marks)
2. What volume of ethanol 96% is required to make 85mL of ethanol 60%?
(2 marks)
3. A prescription for Drug Z reads:
62.5mg tds x 5/7
Drug Z is available as a suspension containing 250mg/5mL.
a) Calculate the volume (in milliliters) of each dose.
(1 mark)
b) Calculate the total volume (in milliliters) of suspension that should be
supplied to the patient.
(1 mark)
4. How many milligrams of MgSO4.7H2O contains 3mmol of Sulphate ions?
(Mr = 246.5)
(2 marks)
5. How many milliequivalence of Chloride ions are there in 4g of CaCl2.2H2O?
(Mr = 147)
(2 marks)
6. What weight (in milligrams) of MgSO4.7H2O will have 5mEq of Mg2+?
(Mr = 246.5)
(2 marks)
7. Calculate the quantity (in milligrams) of Hydrocortisone acetate that would be
available in 400mL of a 1 in 200 solution of Hydrocortisone acetate? (1.5 marks)
8. What is the percentage strength of KCl solution which contains 200mEq/Liter of
chloride ions? (Mr = 74.5)
(3 marks)
9. Calculate the number of millimoles of chloride ions in 500mL of CaCl2.2H2O
solution containing 3.2g of CaCl2. (Mr = 147)
(4 marks)
10. How many milliequivalence of chloride ions are there in 500mL of 0.9% w/v
NaCl solution. (Mr = 58.5).
(4 marks)
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SECTION D
ESSAY
Answer the essay question in the ANSWER BOOKLET
(10 MARKS)
1. Dosage forms undergo various processes before the active drug is available for
therapeutic effect.
a) Discuss the FOUR processes a drug undergoes when administered via the
Oral route and the organs involved in each process.
(8 marks)
b) List TWO DISADVANTAGES of drugs administered via the Oral route.
(1 mark)
c) Provide TWO advantages of drugs administered via the Rectal route.
(1 mark)
END OF PAPER.
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