Download Invasive Species include:

Invasive Species include:
Plants, Animals and Microorganisms
West Nile Virus
Cheatgrass
Hydrilla
Yellow Star Thistle
Python
Vector: Mosquitoes
Gypsy Moth
Tamarix
Quagga Mussel
Didymosphenia
geminata
Nutria
Invasive Species are:
•
•
Not native to the ecosystem under consideration whose introduction does
or is likely to harm to human health, the economy, or the environment.
http://www.invasivespecies.gov/global/ISAC/ISAC_whitepapers.html
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EO 13122 Created NISC, Co-Chairs Sec. of the Interior, Ag, and
Commerce. Total members – over 30 Federal agencies and bureaus.
•
NISC is advised by the 30 members of the Invasive Species Advisory
Committee.
The National Invasive Species Council
NISC Members
NISC Co-Chairs
Secretary of Secretary of Secretary of
Interior
Agriculture Commerce
USDA
Policy
Liaison
Hilda
DOC
Policy
Liaison
Peg
DOI
Policy
Liaison
Gordon
Secretary of
Defense
Secretary of
Treasury*
Secretary of Health
Secretary of
and Human
Homeland Security
Services
U.S. Trade
Representative
Admin. Of U.S.
Environmental
Protection Agency
Secretary of
State
Secretary of
Transportation
Admin. Of U.S.
Agency for
International
Development
Admin. of National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
Each NISC Member has a Policy Liaison
NISC Staff
NISC Executive
Director
Assistant
Directors
Assistant
Directors
Program Staff
Invasive Species
Advisory
Committee (ISAC)
A current NISC/ISAC project
eDNA are increasingly used to detect invasive carp and mussels – assays on the
way.
Although these and other methods are increasingly used to make management
and regulatory decisions, there are no established validation processes for these
detection methods or their associated sampling protocols.
Real-time PCR assay
for Phytophthora ramorum
A water-borne plant pathogen.
Impacts on Ecosystem Services
Provisioning
Services
Products obtained
from ecosystems
•Crops
•Marine food
resources
•Timber
•Genetic resources
Regulating
Services
Benefits obtained
from the regulation
of ecosystem
processes
• Erosion control /
sediment retention
•Disease mitigation
•Pollination
Cultural
Services
Non-material
benefits obtained
from ecosystems
•Aesthetic value
•Recreation
•Tourism
Supporting Services
Services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services
•Energy •Nutrients •Water •Climate •Physical habitat
Ecosystem Functions
Ecosystem Functions
Invasive Species
Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services
Impacts may be
positive or negative
and are highly scale
dependant.
Are freshwater algae a problem?
Native algae do better than non-natives, under “current” temperature
regimes.
Mehnert, G., Leunert, F., Cirés, S., Jöhnk, K. Rücker, J., Nixdorf, B. & Wiedner, C. 2010. Journal of
Plankton Research, 32, 1009-1021.
Strain differences can result in productivity differences and production of
co-products such as carotinoids or even toxins as well as serve as
“invasive species.” Zimba. 2011 Personal Communication.
There are many vectors for the movement of micro-algae.
Zimba. 2011 Personal Communication.
Are freshwater algae a problem?
The evolutionary genetics of invasive species has been relatively unexplored.
Invasion success of many species might depend more heavily on their
ability to respond to natural selection than on broad physiological tolerance or
plasticity.
C. Lee. TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution Vol.17 No.8 August 2002
Are freshwater algae a problem? Prymnesium parvum
Prymnesium parvum (Golden Algae) is a naturally occurring microscopic
flagellated algae that typically occur in brackish waters – fish kills.
.
Toxin structure?
Are freshwater algae a problem? AVM – Algae – Hydrilla link?
In 1991, hydrilla shut down the St. Stephen hydroelectric plant on Lake
Moultrie for weeks, costing $4 million in lost productivity and $526,000
worth of gamefish deaths. SC DNR
http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/disease_information/avian_vacuolar_myelinopathy/index.jsp
However, is there also a link
between hydrilla, avian vacuolar
myelinopathy, and up the food
chain eagle mortalities?
Susan Wade SC DNR
Euglena & euglenophycin example of an “emerging” issue .
“Euglenophycin is an alkaloid similar in structure to fire ant venom. The compound exhibits
ichthyotoxic, herbicidal and anticancer activity at low ppm to ppb dosages.”
Toxicon. 2010 Jan;55(1):100-4. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Sudden Oak Death Pathogen and water shed health
Ground Water?
Surface Water?
1. Know the invasive species you have and those that are heading your way.
2. Monitor, know where they are and are not.
3. Know the Pathways.
4. Know who your partners are and need to be.
Plan with a focus on Prevention & EDRR
Boat cleaning can be important.
A Good Reason to Clean Your Boat.