Download Biology 20 Circulation Practice

Biology 20 Circulation & Immunity Review
Circulation, Blood Vessels, & Heart Structure:
1. Compare the structure and function of the two pathways of the circulatory system.
Pathway
Blood Vessels and Heart Structures involved
Function of the Pathway
Systemic
Pulmonary
2. Label the diagram of the circulation bellow indicating each blood vessel’s name. Use blue for
deoxygenated blood and red for oxygenated blood, and show the flow of blood through the
two circulation pathways.
3. Complete the following chart:
Heart Structure
Function of Heart Structure
Right and left atria (singular:
atrium)
Right and left ventricles
Septum
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Semilunar valves
4. Label the picture of the heart.
5. Label the electrical system of the heart
6. Describe what happens when the electrical stimulus travels through the heart from both the
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. (Include where the impulse originates
from, travels to, and its effect on the heart)
The diagram above displays the relationship between the cross-sectional area of types of blood
vessels and blood pressure and velocity (speed).
7. Capillaries have the greatest cross-sectional area which causes the velocity (speed) of the
blood to slow down as it flows through the capillaries. Why do you think the blood flows through
the capillaries at that speed?
8. What happens to blood pressure as blood moves from the arteries to the veins?
9. Why does the pressure change as blood moves from the arteries to the veins?
Blood Pressure:
1. Define systole and diastole and explain how changes in chamber volume results in changes
in chamber pressure.
2. List the three body mechanisms that blood pressure can be either increased or decreased.
3. Why would a person’s blood pressure be higher in the following situations?
a. Running for 10 mins straight
b. Measuring the pressure the arteries in the upper left arm
c.
Coming inside to a warm building after being outside skiing all day
Diagnosis using Hematocritis:
Plasma
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Normal
A
B
C
D
Application Questions:
1. Blood appears pale if haemoglobin levels are low. Which subject do you believe has a
low level of haemoglobin? Explain your answer.
2. Cancers of the white blood cells is called leukemia. Like other cancers, leukemia is
associated with rapid and uncontrolled cell growth. Using the date in the case study,
predict which subject might be suffering from leukemia. Explain your answer?
3. Although hematocrits provide some information about blood disorders, most physicians
would not diagnose leukemia on the basis of one test. What other conditions might
explain the hematocrit reading you chose in question 2? Give your reasons.
4. Lead poisoning can cause bone marrow destruction. Which of the subjects in the case
study might have lead poisoning? Explain your answer.
5. Which subject might live at high altitudes? Give your reasons.
Blood Types:
1. Complete the following chart about blood types and their related antigens and antibodies.
Blood Type
Antigen on surface of red
Antibodies found in plasma
blood cells
A
B
AB
O
2. Complete the following chart about blood transfusions.
Blood Type
Possible Donors
A
B
AB
O
Possible Recipients
3. Use the information in the charts above to answer the following questions.
a) What blood type is considered to be the universal donor? Explain.
b) What blood type is considered to be the universal recipient? Explain.
Lymphatic System:
1. How is lymph returned to the cardiovascular system?
2. What is the key difference in the circulation systems of blood and lymph?
3. How does the lymphatic system fight infection?
4. Why do your lymph nodes swell when you are ill?
Immunity:
The body’s immune system has three lines of defence. The first line of defence is barriers, the
second line of defence is non-specific immune responses, and the third line of defence is
classified as specific immune responses. All three defences work together to provide the body
with an immune system.
1. Barriers are the first line of defence, designed to prevent pathogens from entering the body.
List four barriers of the body, identify them as either physical or chemical, and explain how
they work to protect the body.
Barrier
Chemical or
Physical
How it works
2. Once a pathogen has entered the body there is a second non-specific line of defence that
involves white blood cells.
a) What white blood cell types are involved in the second line of defence?
b) By what process do these white blood cells destroy pathogens? Describe this process.
Use the graph below to answer the next three questions.
3. The third line of defense is specific to the antigen and based on antibody immunity.
a. Compare how long the body took to produce antibodies after the first exposure to how
long it took after the second exposure.
b. Compare the quantity of antibodies from the first exposure to the second exposure.
Circulatory System Disorders:
Use this chart to create a summary of circulatory system disorders.
Circulatory System Circulatory structure(s)
Description of disorder
Disorder
involved
Arteriosclerosis
Heart murmur
Anemia
Edema
Leukemia
Autoimmune
disorders
Allergic response