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How Cells function in an Organism Quiz
Directions: Read the following article and answer the questions that follow the article on the otherside of this paper.
In the alphabet the basic unit is a letter. In living things the basic unit is a cell. The smallest
living things that carry out all of the processes of life by themselves are cells. Two of the basic
functions of cells are getting energy and getting rid of waste.
Getting Energy
When you are getting a little sleepy during the day, what do you do? Many people grab a candy
bar or a soda. Why? One reason is they both contain sugar. We call this energy. Animals obtain
energy by eating things. Anything that animals eat is digested and converted to sugars, the basic
source of energy. Whatever you eat for energy gets converted to sugar. Now, we also need other
things, like proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. All the things we eat and need are
actually used at the level of a cell. Each cell in your body needs energy, and when you eat foods
your body breaks it down into smaller and smaller pieces until your cells can bring them into
your body through the process of osmosis. This entire process of getting food and breaking it
down and your cells using the energy is called digestion and respiration.
Plants also need energy, but you don't often meet a sunflower getting a candy bar at a vending
machine. Plants get their energy differently from animals. Plants have a special chemical in their
cells called chlorophyll. This chemical, along
with a cell organelle called a chloroplast, allows
plants to use carbon dioxide, energy from
sunlight, and water to make sugar. This process
is called photosynthesis.
Getting rid of waste
All organisms have natural processes for getting
rid of waste. When plants go through the process
of photosynthesis, they give off oxygen as part of their waste. We use oxygen as we go through
the process of respiration and get rid of is carbon dioxide by breathing out. Each cell in our body
goes through these processes of obtaining energy and releasing waste. Our circulatory system
helps move cell wastes so they can be removed by our kidneys and removed from our bodies.
Our respiratory system, also helps to remove cell waste such as carbon dioxide gas, so it can be
removed by our lungs and exhaled out of our bodies and replaced with fresh new oxygen.
1. What are the two basic functions of a cell?
a. being small and very tiny
b. support and size
c. getting energy and removing waste
2. The diagram below illustrates the movement of materials into and out of a specific organelle
within a plant cell. This process is vital for getting energy and getting rid of waste not only for
each cell but for the whole organism (plant).
The process illustrated occurs within which organelle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
chloroplasts
ribosomes
mitochondria
vacuoles
3. The green aquatic plant represented in the diagram
below was exposed to light for several hours.
Which gas is being excreted by the plant (as a waste
product) and would most likely be found in the greatest
amount in the bubbles?
a.
b.
c.
d.
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
ozone
oxygen
4. Plants can capture solar energy and carry on _________, a process that allows them to make their
own food.
a. adaptation
b. photosynthesis
c. evolution
d. respiration
5. As the cells in our bodies get rid of waste, the waste products entire our blood stream and the heart
pumps the blood through-out our body. Which of the following organs actually gets rid of the waste
products our cells create?
a.
b.
c.
d.
brain
kidneys
lungs
both b & c
6. Humans get their energy from_______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sunlight
absorption
eating food
gasoline
7. Cells are the basic unit of life.
a. True
b. False