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CELL ENERGETICS REVIEW SHEET Chapters 5 Energy Acquiring Pathways 6 Energy Releasing Pathways 22 Plant Tissues 23 Plant Nutrition and Transport 27 Circulation 28 Respiration 30 Digestion and Human Nutrition Objectives 1. You should understand the plant anatomy and physiological processes important to the transport of water, acquisition of carbon dioxide, absorption of light, and transport of sugars. 2. You should understand the function of the variety of plant pigments, including the basic information regarding the visible light spectrum and its relation to the pigments involved in photosynthesis. 3. You should understand the role of photosynthesis and the details of the process of photosynthesis, including sub-reactions and their specific reactants, products, and accessory molecules. 4. You should be familiar with plant adaptations that allow those plants that live in dry climates to obtain carbon dioxide in an efficient manner that minimizes their water lose. 5. You should understand the animal anatomy (respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems) and physiological processes important to the acquisition, processing, and transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sugar. 6. You should understand the role of respiration and the details of the process of respiration, including sub-reactions and their specific reactants, products, and accessory molecules. Vocabulary photosynthesis oxygen stroma water glucose carbon dioxide chloroplast sunlight outer membrane thylakoid membrane thylakoid compartment pigments visible light spectrum absorption reflection wavelength energy ROYGBIV chlorophyll a chlorophyll b carotenoids xyanthophylls phycobilins palisade layer spongy layer cortex xylem solutes transpiration photosystems NADP+ photolysis ATP formation carbon dioxide sucrose cellulose disaccharides nasal cavity lungs lipid membrane esophagus liver disaccharidases left atrium capillaries right ventricle glycolysis ATP Kreb’s Cycle lactate stoma endodermis phloem capillarity translocation electrons NADPH oxygen production ATP synthesase RuBP root hairs vascular cylinder active transport adhesion light reactions electron transport H+ oxygen chemiosmosis PGA Calvin-Benson cycle starch glycogen chitin monosaccharides glucose oral cavity pharynx bronchioles alveoli hemoglobin bicarbonate stomach small intestine large intestine salivary amylase circulatory system pulmonary vein left ventricle arteries veins vena cava pulmonary artery respiration glucose pyruvate pre-Kreb’s cycle acetyl Co-A FADH2 oxaloacetate alcohol epidermis casparian strip osmosis cohesion light absorption proteins electrons water dark reactions PGAL polysaccharides oligosaccharides respiratory system bronchi diffusion digestive system pancreas pancreatic amylase oxygenated blood aorta right atrium cytoplasm NADH carbon dioxide fermentation
