Download Islam - the Middle East and North Africa

Sameera Baig
Jessica Caron
Hatice Guc
Nadia Islam
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610 CE - When Islam emerged
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613 CE – The prophet started preaching
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622 CE - Islam was established
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The military conquest may have been inspired by Islam, but it was
also mostly encouraged by greed and politics
Military expansion led the way to the early progress of Islam
634 - The first caliph, Abu Bakr, died, and he was succeeded by
Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph, who ruled until 644
636 - The former Byzantine states were conquered by the Muslim
armies
Muslims also conquered parts of Egypt to the South and Anatolia
and Armenia to the North
Under Islamic rule, non-Muslims were not forced to accept Islam
"BBC - Religions - Islam: Early rise of Islam (632-700)." BBC - Homepage.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/earlyrise_1.shtml (accessed December
4, 2010).
Islam is a monotheistic religion
◦ Belief in only one God, who is Allah
◦ Not polytheistic (belief in more than one God) and not Henotheistic (belief
in one God, while acknowledging the existence of more than one God)
Main God
Allah
Major Denominations
◦ Sunni
◦ Shi’ite
Symbol of Islam
◦ The Arabic word 'Islam' simply means 'submission', and derives from a
word meaning 'peace'.
Holy Book
 The Quran (Koran)
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Belief in the
Day of
Judgment
Belief in God
Belief in God's
Revealed
Books
Belief in
the Angels
Belief in the
Prophets and
Messengers of
God
Belief in Al-Qadar
1
2
3
5
6
Islamic Calendar
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Based on Prophet Muhammad’s journey, or Hijra
Year A.H. 1 on the Islamic calendar began during year 622 on the
Christian calendar
A.H. means Anno Hegirae or year of the Hijra
The Islamic calendar is lunar
12 months
New Moon/Hilal
29.5 days in a month
Islamic year is 11 days shorter than Gregorian
year
Source: Howard Spodek. The World's History. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, New York. 2000
Source: "The Islamic Calendar | Calendars." Webexhibits. Webexhibits.org, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2010.
<http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-islamic.html>.
Source: Frederick Mathewson Denny. An Introduction to Islam. Third Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 2006
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World Muslim
population:
1,421,994,000
(21.01% of world)
US Muslim
population:
2,454,000