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*stares: They are big sized bodies emit enormous amounts of heat & light. They are a huge number & the distance between them very large so we measure them by light year. *light year: It is the distance covered by light in one year. Light year= 9.467x10 12km . *Galaxies: They are grand (bigger) units forming universe. OR They are tremendous collection of stars. OR They are a system of thousands of millions of stars. *Milky way galaxy: Spiral arms extend from it when sun (solar system) lies on one spiral arm. *Telescopes: Used to discover celestial bodies Two types: (Reflection telescope & Refraction telescope). *Solar system: Consists of: 1)-Sun 2)-Plants 3)-Moons (natural satellites) 4)-Other celestial bodies. 1-Sun: It is the star in solar system. OR It is the biggest body in solar system. OR It lies in the center of solar system & all bodies revolve around it. 2- Planets: They are eight spherical opaque bodies revolve around sun in one direction. 1-Inner 2-Outer 1-They are nearest four planets to sun. 2-Mercury, Venus, Earth& Mars. 3-Small in size 4-Structure: rocky components. 5-High density. 6-Afew number of moons rotate around them earth (one moon)& mars (two) but mercury and Venus have no moons 7-they have small gravitational force. 1-they are farthest four planets from sun. 2-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus& Neptune. 3-Big in size 4-Solidified gases. 5-low density 6-they have large number of moons. 7-they have large gravitational force. 1 3-Moons: They are small planets (satellites) affected by the gravity of larger planets & rotate around them. 4- Other celestial bodies: 1-Asteriods: They are rocky bodies rotate around sun in region of belt of wanderer asteroids *-Belt of wanderer asteroids: It is the region separates the group of inner & outer planets. 2-Meteors: They are luminous arrows that can be seen in sky due to completely burning of small rocky masses in earth ’s atmosphere. 3-Meteorites: They are the remaining part of big rocky masses without burning that fall on earth ’s surface. 4-Comets: They are masses of rocks, ice and solidified gases that revolve around sun in more elongated elliptical orbits intersecting with orbits of planets. *-Consists of: 1-head: Contains icy spheres that mixture of solidified gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide& methan gases), rocky parts & Dust and water molecules. 2-tail: Gaseous cloud. . 2