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Romanization
From the Origins of the Roman Presence to the Empire in the
Iberian Peninsula
Roman presence in the Iberian Peninsula dates back to the year 218 BC. As a
result of the II Punic War. The Roman legions had a specific mission and that was to
fight the Carthaginian army based in the Peninsula and led by Hannibal, Asdrubal and
Hamilcar Barca. Rome has left as the only military presence in this area stretching from
the Pyrenees as far as Guadalquivir. The Roman Senate designated, in the year 206 BC,
two provinces Hispania Citerior (the eastern side) and Hispania Ulterior (the
westernmost part).
The Empire
High Empire
Between 29 and 19 BC Augustus concluded the “taming” of the Iberian Peninsula by
conquering Asturias and Cantabria and installed Pax Romana in the whole empire.
On his trip to the Iberian Peninsula which took place between the years 16 and 13 BC,
Augustus reorganised the administration of this territory by forming three provinces:
Terraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania.
The local populations were juridical englobed (either in Latin or Roman law)and
administratively (in Provinces, Conventus, Civitas and Vicus) they adopted both
language and Roman customs.
The Industry of Fish Salting
The richness in fish, the salt and the pleasant climate were determining factors for the
building of fish salting plants along the maritime coast of Lusitania and in the estuaries
of the principal rivers from the middle of the first century AD In the region of the Costa
Azul there are traces of this activity in the estuaries of the Tejo and Sado and in the
island of Pessegueiro.
Visit the Ruins
In Troia there are remains of industrial activity; urban life and religion are still visible.
Today, tanks (centarias) of different sizes can still be seen.
On the urban side, the ruins of a group of houses from the Rua da Princesa and the spas.
The houses were two floors high, proved by the holes on the upper floor. This floor was
decorated with painted stucco. The only public building identified is a group of thermal
spas.
Paleochristian Basilica
This paleochristian basilica is worthy of mention when looking at buildings of a
religious nature.
Necropolis
The burying practice in Troia has left traces of happenings between the I and VI
centuries AD and allow us to come to some conclusions about mental attitudes towards
death.
Setúbal (Caetrobriga)
Material that remains from the Roman era, date chronologically between the I and V
centuries AD remains from the fish salting process predominate, the only visible one is
situated in the Travessa Frei Gaspar where the tourism offices of the Costa Azul are
found.
On the left bank of the Sado estuary, fish salting remains can be found at Creiro, Rasca,
Comenda, Cachofarra, Pedra Furada and Santa Catarina.
Viso´s Road
The road liking Lisbon (Olisipo) to the capital of the Lusitanian province emerita
Augusta (Merida, Spain) passed through Setúbal. This road possibly started in
Equabona (Coina)
Pinheiro’s Estate
An important element to understand the organisation of the industrial complex is the
scattered pieces of amphorae situated along the banks of the left bank of the Sado
estuary. These amphorae were used in the transport of fish condiments.
Pessegueiro Island
There is evidence that the occupation of the island goes back to the time just before the
first Roman influences, II BC, I AD.