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FOOD AND FARMING Food and Farming The Aztecs By Scout and Maito BAD LAND No trees No fields Small bodies of water for chinampas CHINAMPAS Small waters to work in Chinampas made out of mud Picture used from Britannica CORN It was important to have corn Corn made tortillas Corn fed the chickens By: Becca, Peter and Sammy H. • pictures, glyphs • glyphs done same way • counted x20, showed number in between by repeating symbol up to 19 times Girls • learned from Mom • didn’t go to school • helped Mothers spin, weave, cook and clean Boys • went to school at telpocticalli • learned to farm and fight • trained to be warriors moment born • • • • Pictures used with permission from Britannica paper called amatl book called codex pages joint together in a long zigzag wrote about history, prayers, calendars, taxes and farming Noble girls • Went to school if parents wanted them to • Learned how to be priestesses and healers Noble boys • went to temple school • learned to be judges, generals and priests • school called calmecac Solar • • • • Determine seasons of year Was called haab Divided year into 18 months each month divided into 21 days • year has 5 extra days then ours, those days considered unlucky • Babies born on those days supposed to come to bad end • used objects to remember dates • • • • • Sacred called tonalpohualli divided year into 260 days each day in year had different meaning priests and astrologers used it to tell future decide unlucky and lucky days By: Geoffrey, Juliana, and Zach L. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Became Emperor in 1502 Attacked nearby city states Fooled by Spaniards Stoned by other Aztecs King/ Montezuma II is the ruler Nobles /give the King advice Priests/ decide when to begin a battle Council /give advice and wear blood robes Tlatocan /scribes and tax collectors Capulli /all Aztecs are part of the capulli He was in charge of Law, order, and taxes. He was second in command Images by Britannica Paid tributes were made possible by the Capulli who made them pay there taxes. HISTORY OF AZTECS!!! By: Josie, Yipu, and Brendan How Aztecs decided where to Settle • They found sign their god told them to find • The sign they found was an eagle on a cactus eating a snake Settlement of the Aztecs On an island in a lake called Texacoco In Mexico Named their city Tenochtitlan WHAT THEIR ISLAND LOOKED LIKE • Had lots of canals • Had three causeways • Square city in the middle • Has many people in city • Has many temples • Many swamp gardens • Many one story houses • Not many roads • Everything is around temples Aztec rulers • The Aztecs had 9 rulers. • The rulers lasted from 1372-1520 • The last ruler was killed by Spaniards Used with permission from Britannica image quest The end of the Aztecs • The city was destroyed April 1521 • Most Aztecs were killed from diseases • The rest killed by torture from Spaniards • About 3,000 Aztecs still exist Used with permission from Britannica image quest HOUSING AND CLOTHING By: Sammy A., Jacqueline and Joel PEASANT HOUSES Reeds on roof and mud peasant Lived on the edge of the city One room Outdoor bathrooms EMPEROR HOUSES Almost a small town its so big He’s on the top On the first floor are offices, storage rooms picture used with permission from Britannica Mud FURNITURE Not much furniture Cooking pots, jars made of mud Large cushions filled straw EMPEROR CLOTHES Headdress only he wore Precious stones and quetzal NOBLE CLOTHES Cotton cloaks Rich clothing Women: wrap around skirts blouses Only could were sandals PEASANT CLOTHES Rough cloth Not allowed to were anything below knees Maguey fibers JEWELRY Gold jewelry For noses and ears picture used with permission from Britannica Fun and Games By: Brendan B, Ally and Joni Feast and Special Food • Houses scented with perfumes of herbs and flowers • • • • Servants serve food They smoke tobacco eat with fingers Cups and spoons made from gold How they dress themselves for party • Lip and ear jewelry • Masks, sandals, skirts and cloaks • Shell necklace picture used with permission from Encyclopedia Britannica Sports and Games • • • • Tlachtli Volador Toloque Patolli [ picture used with permission from Encyclopedia Britannica AZTEC RELIGION By: Zach.S Vangie Eva RELIGIOUS BELIEFS • Worshiped gods • Believed gods controlled everything • Sacrificed blood so sun would rise • Every 52 years a new age began • Earth was destroyed 4 times CEREMONIES AND TEMPLES • Made with huge mounds dirt then bricks or stone • Sacrificed people for the sun • Had hundreds of stairs • A priest cut open the stomach to get victims heart • Two hundred feet high • Two different temples on top • Center of city • Priests through victims down the stairs AZTEC GODS • • • Quetzakoatl(ket-sal-koatel) was god of wind plus schools and learning Chalchihuitlicue(chal-chi-nooit-licoo) goddess of water married to Tlaloc god of rain Huitzilopochtli(wit-thil-o-poch-tlee) god of war and sun • Tlaloc was the ancient god of rain • Tezcatlipoca(teth-kat-li-poka) god of fait and smoke mirror • Xipe god of springtime • Mictlantecuhtl god of death • Tonati god of the sun and regrowth AZTEC SOCIETY AND FAMILY LIFE By: Natalie, Thiago and Joshua SOCIETY Emperor chief priest 10-20 nobles Different types of Aztecs Emperor, nobles, Priests, warriors, merchants, peasant farmers, landless peasants and slaves From Encyclopedia Britannica SOCIETY Boys trained to be warriors, if rose to high rank, won right to dine at palace, wear fine clothes and drink alcohol merchants go from town to town selling goods From Encyclopaedia Britannica SOCIETY Peasant farmers grew crops for food and tribute Landless peasants rented land from nobles Slaves could save money, buy houses or land and could marry free Aztecs FAMILY LIFE When a man and a women got married they tied there cloaks together represent bond of marriage All members of a calpulli (calpulli is like a big family) From Encyclopaedia Britannica THE END! BY: KATELYN & LILY & MATTHEW Picture used with permission from Britannica Aztec Markets • • • • • • Spread goods on mats Whole family part of selling Certain sections for certain goods Many markets in center of Tenochtitlan Many people at Tenochtitlan markets Aztecs meet friends at markets Picture used with permission from Britannica Aztec goods • • • • • 25 cloaks for slave Dogs and deer were sold for meat Gold, silver, copper and precious stones Gold necklaces, ruby earrings and obsidian razors Corn, pottery, feathers Picture used with permission from Britannica Aztec merchants • • • • • • • Merchants are Aztecs that travel from town to town Merchants called pochteca Some Aztec merchants were spies Hid trading goods Merchants get goods to bring to their town Carry between 40-70 goods to trade or have bought Merchants were depended on Picture used with permission from Britannica Aztec money • • • • • Aztecs have no money we have today Aztec traded pebbles cocoa beans for what they want The Aztecs weighed the goods Used barter to buy and sell Swapped for same value Aztec goods transportation • • • • Aztecs carried goods by hand and head but the slaves carried goods on backs Traveled in groups Caravans Merchants carried weapons incase of any attackers Traveled on lucky days AZTEC TRAINING YOUNG BOYS TAUGHT TO TAKE PRISONERS AT AGE 10 BOY’S TOOK THEIR FIRST PRISONER WHEN NEW HAVE LOCK OF HAIR AT THEIR NECK AZTEC ARMOR PADDED STIFFENED COTTON SOAKED IN SALT WATER SOME WORE EAGLE HEADS AND JAGUAR SKINS CAPTAINS WEAR RED FEATHERS BRITANNICA AZTEC WEAPONS SOLDIERS LOVE TO THROW THINGS SUCH AS THE SPEARS JAVELINS SLINGS SHIELDS COVERED WITH FEATHERS ATLATL. WOODEN SWORDS EDGED WITH SHARP OBSIDIAN Tactics Insulted them Did not pay tribute Defend city Conquer land Did not plan surprise Sent nobles and gave enemy’s twenty days to join the Aztecs Did not try to kill enemies AZTEC RANKS Eagle knight (best soldiers) wear feathers and heads Jaguar knights wear jaguar skins Ordinary soldiers (there are thousands of them) BRITANNICA