Download Please answer the following using complete sentences on loose leaf

Chapter 6 Periodic Table & Trends Study Guide
NAME ______________________
If you can answer these questions, you should be able to earn a 100% on the QUEST
tomorrow.
1. What is a period of elements on the periodic table?
A period of elements on the periodic table is a horizontal row in which all the
elements in that row have valence electrons in the same energy level.
2. What is a group of elements on the periodic table?
A group of elements is a vertical column on the periodic table in which all the
elements have the same number of valence electrons.
3. Describe the shielding effect?
The shielding effect is when inner energy levels block the positive pull of the
nucleus for the outer shell electrons, thus making those electrons held less tightly.
4. What is a cation?
A cation is a positive ion.
5. Which is larger, a cation or its corresponding atom? Why?
A cation is smaller than its corresponding atom since it has lost electrons which
gives the atom volume.
6. What is an anion?
An anion is a negative ion.
7. Which is larger, an anion or its corresponding atom? Why?
An anion is larger than its corresponding atom because it has gained electrons
which gives the atom volume.
8. How do the atomic radii vary within a period on the periodic table? Why?
As the atomic number increases the atomic radii of the atoms decreases due to the
increase in the positive negative attraction between the nucleus and electrons.
9. How do the atomic radii vary within a group on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases the atomic radii of the atom increases due to the increase in
the shielding effect as described above and since there are more electrons in more energy
levels.
10. What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
11. How does ionization energy vary within a group on the periodic table? Why?
Chapter 6 Periodic Table & Trends Study Guide
NAME ______________________
As atomic number increases, the ionization energy decreases since the shielding
effect is increases resulting in the outer electrons being held less tightly.
12. How does ionization energy vary within a period on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases, the ionization energy increases since the positive
negative attraction is increasing thus the outer electrons are being held more
tightly.
13. What is electron affinity?
Electron affinity is the energy change when an atom gains an electron. It
indicates how much an atom wants an electron.
14. How does electron affinity vary within a period on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases, the electron affinity increases since the atoms are
getting closer to an octet and there is a greater positive negative attraction.
15. How does electron affinity vary within a group on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases, the electron affinity decreases due to an increase in
shielding effect thus the outer electrons are held less tightly and additional
electrons will be held even more loosely.
16. What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is an arbitrary scale indicating an element’s attraction for a
shared pair of electrons. The scale ranges from a low of 0.0 to a high of 4.0. 4.0
meaning that the element really wants a shared electron.
17. How does electronegativity vary within a group on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases, the electronegativity decreases due to an increase in
the shielding effect making the outer electrons being held more loosely.
18. How does electronegativity vary within a period on the periodic table? Why?
As atomic number increases, the electronegativity increases since the elements are
getting closer to an octet.
19. Which group of elements would have the highest ionization energy? Why?
The group with the highest ionization energy is the noble gas group since this
group of elements has an octet and is already stable and thus do not want to lose
any electrons.
20. Which group of element would have the highest electron affinity? Why?
Chapter 6 Periodic Table & Trends Study Guide
NAME ______________________
The halogen group has the highest electron affinity since this group of elements is
only electron away from an octet and thus really, really want one more electron.