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EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES •By the end of the lesson I will know: • How and why earthquakes occur. • The key terms linked to earthquakes. • How earthquakes are measured and what the different strengths mean. EARTHQUAKES! Take a new page and write the title Earthquakes and put the date in the margin. In the middle of the page write the word earthquake and put a circle around it. Earthquake Earthquake clips Earthquake clip 1 (in Earth Forces video file) Earthquake Earthquake survival. Part 1: What do you do when an earthquake strikes? (1) are (2) (3) Run outside away from the building you in. Get under the nearest table. Stand under the nearest doorway. Earthquake Clip Earthquake clip: What do you do when an earthquake strike? Earthquake survival. Part 2: Earthquake survival pack. What 6 items are you going to take with you and why? Make sure you write this in your jotter. Earthquake survival. Extension Task Part 3: You are going to create the Jordanhill high school earthquake survival guide. It must have 5 clear steps. Discuss at your table what you would do during an earthquake and when it has finished. Earth Forces True or False? The hottest part of the earth is the Mantle? The coolest part of the earth is the crust? South America and Africa were once joined together? 4. The U.K once had volcanic activity? 5. It is likely that the U.K will have an earthquake in the next 100 years? 6. The earths core is solid? 7. Some of the worlds islands are made up entirely from volcanic rock? 8. There are over 500 volcanoes in the world? 9. The Haiti earthquake was the biggest ever in recorded history? 10. The earth was created by the big bang? 1. 2. 3. Why do earthquakes occur? Why do earthquakes happen? Shockwaves, pressure, earth, shake, focus, epicentre, plates Why do earthquakes happen? plates Stage 1: Two of the crusts ___________ rub against each other and stick Pressure _builds up as they try and move past each in one place. __________ other. Stage 2: Suddenly, the pressure is too much and the plates jerk past each other. The place where this happens is called the focus ______________. Stage 3: Vibrations go out in all directions through the rocks. These shockwaves vibrations are called ______________. Earth Stage 4: When the shock waves reach the surface of the _____________ shake they cause the ground to ______________. The most violent shaking is directly above the focus at a point on the Earths surface called the epicentre __________________. Measuring and recording earthquakes. Seismometer Seismograph Measuring and recording earthquakes. • The Richter scale • 1 = Only felt by recording instruments. • 2 = Felt by a few people especially in tall buildings • 3 = Felt indoors, like a truck passing by • 4 = Felt by most, windows shake, objects fall over/break • 5 = Damage to weaker buildings • 6 = Walls, monuments, chimneys, bookcases fall. • 7 = Mostly all structures damaged, ground cracks, landslides are caused. • 8 = The ground moves like a wave, buildings fall, massive damage. http://www.matter.org.uk/schools/cont ent/seismology/richterscale.html Can you guess the strength of these earthquakes? Magnitude? 4.9 - 5.4 7.0 – 7.3 5.5 – 6.1 Over 8.1 Key word Bingo! What you need to do! Key word Bingo! Core Volcano Earthquake Lava Plates Mantle The Big Bang The Crust Ring of Fire Eruption Active Arthur Seat Oceanic Dormant Mid Atlantic Ridge African Rift Valley Chile Haiti
