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Behaviorist Theory of Education Behaviorist Theorists J.B Watson, B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov – these theorists are known for their studies in animal behavior. They both argue that a behavior can be modified or reinforced by a direct change in the environment and external stimulus. They believe that human behavior can be compared with animal behavior. What is behaviorism? Behaviorism is the the educational theory that is based on the underlying ideology that the environment has a direct influence on behavior. It presumes that by manipulating the environment, learning can be enhanced through behavior modification. This means that behavior is measured, seen to be appropriate or inappropriate and accordingly changed or reinforced. Experiment: Example Pavlov: Animal used Dogs: experiment involved the conditioning of dogs to respond to the ringing of a bell that indicated it was meal time. Do you agree that people can be compared in the same way? What about in the school/ classroom environment?) Features of Behaviorism Learning is defined as a change in behavior When we learn how to change behaviors we can improve the teaching and learning process (pedagogy) Outcomes based (objectives and measurement) approach Teachers need to make use of negative and positive reinforcement in the classroom Makes argument for personal developmental process and the teaching machine which allows students to progress at own rate (but it is argued to dehumanize the teachinglearning process) An argument against Behaviorism: Naturalistic – “Man has no soul and no mind, only a brain that responds to external stimuli” (DeMar 1998) “Man is nothing more than a machine that responds to conditioning…our behavior is the product of our conditioning. We are biological machines and do not consciously act” (Ibid) “We are not responsible for our actions. Behaviorism.. Seeks not merely to understand human behavior but to predict and control it