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19.5 The Tide of the War Turns • Why was Gen. Stonewall Jackson not at Gettysburg? – May 1863, • Gen. Lee defeated a much larger Union force in Chancellorsville, Virginia. – Lee’s most trusted General, Stonewall Jackson, was accidentally shot by his own troops. Why does Gettysburg happen? • The South led by General Lee won a few victories in early 1863 – Chancellorsville, Va – Fredericksburg, Va • This encouraged Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory. • Goals: – Break the North’s will to fight – To capture much needed supplies for his army Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle began on July 1, 1863 – Battle would last 3 days! • Confederate Army – Led by Gen. Lee • 75,000 men and cavalry • Union Army – Led by Gen. George G. Meade • 100,000 men and cavalry Day 1 and Day 2 • Day 1 – Ends with Confederate army declaring small victory • Had been able to push Union army to south side of town – Called Cemetery Ridge • Day 2 – Ends in a stalemate • Union holds the high ground – Lots of casualties!! Day 3 • Gen. Lee had a plan to break the Union army – 3 way attack led by huge infantry attack • Led by George Pickett – Called Pickett’s charge – If it works, the war will end with the Confederacy the victor! – How do you think it goes? Pickett’s Charge • 14,000 Confederates charged through the open field up Cemetery Ridge. – Union army had cannons and defended men behind stone walls. • The attack was a disaster. – ½ the men die on the way across the field. – All of those who made it to the ridge were either captured of killed. • Gen. Lee’s army is finally defeated… – He retreats back into Virginia on July 4, 1863 Gettysburg’s Address • Nov. 19, 1863 – Pres. Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to honor the soldiers who would be buried there. – Gave a speech where he reminded America that • “these dead shall not have died in vain” The War Turns in Favor of the Union • July 4, 1863 – Gettysburg was won by the Union – General Grant Captured Vicksburg in Mississippi. – Importance? • Lincoln was impressed by Gen. Grant; made him commander of the Union army. – Fired Gen. Meade for not destroying Gen. Lee Grant’s Drive to Richmond • The Wilderness Campaign – Series of battles launched by the North from May through June in northern and central Virginia. • Goal: – Capture Richmond, Va! – However, • Gen. Grant has a secret weapon. Sherman’s March to the Sea • 1864 – Lincoln needed a military victory to help him win re-election in 1864. • Specifically deep in the South! • Gen. William T. Sherman – Given orders to march southeast from Tennessee to Georgia – Destroy everything! • Called Total War – Destroy all » Railroads » Industries » farms » homes » Crops » Livestock Richmond, VA Before Gen. Sherman Richmond,VA After Gen. Sherman The South Surrenders • April 9, 1865 – Gen. Lee has finally been captured by Gen. Grant’s army • Decides to surrender his army instead of having more of his men killed • Appomattox Courthouse – Place where Gen. Lee signs the surrender of his army to Gen. Grant Losses of the Civil War • 620,000 Americans dead. – More than all other military conflicts combined: • • • • • • • • American Revolution War of 1812 WWI WWII Vietnam Korea Persian Gulf War in Iraq The President Decides to Celebrate • April 14, 1865 – Pres. Lincoln decides to walk to the theatre to see a show • Called “Our American Cousin” – Held at Ford’s Theatre » About 6 blocks from the White House. Ford’s Theatre, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, today Booth Pres. Lincoln Sat In. Lincoln’s Booth, today Lincoln’s Assassination • April 14, 1865 – John Wilkes Booth • fatally shoots Pres. Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C • Pres. Lincoln is rushed across the street to a house. – Doctors called in but it’s too late… » Dies the next day. Lincoln’s Death Bed Pres. Lincoln Travels America one last Time… • VP Andrew Johnson becomes 17th POTUS – Job? • Reconstruct the USA! • Abraham Lincoln’s body is taken by train to his resting home of Springfield, Illinois – Train brought him through CVNP!