* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File - U.S. History and AP Government Mr. Williams
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Jubal Early wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
For the EOCT. Benjamin Franklin Was a writer, printer, inventor and small-businessman in preRevolutionary Philadelphia… He became a symbol of American “social mobility”… In America, a person has the ability to rise from poverty to great wealth… If they display intelligence and hard work. This is VERY different from Old Europe… Where a person’s class depended upon the family into which they were born. Thomas Paine Published a pamphlet entitled Common Sense… Which argued in CLEAR and SIMPLE terms… That the American colonies MUST break away from Great Britain. Great numbers of colonists read Common Sense… And became strong supporters of REVOLUTION. John Locke Was a British political philosopher… Who identified the three ESSENTIAL human rights as those to… LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY… His writings greatly influenced… Thomas Jefferson… And the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson Author of the Declaration of Independence… Which explained the REASONS for America’s break from Great Britain… Identified the three ESSENTIAL human rights as those to… LIFE, LIBERTY and the PURSUIT of HAPPINESS. And argued that whenever a government attempts to take those rights away… The people have a responsibility to… CHANGE the GOVERNMENT. Benjamin Franklin Upon the outbreak of the Revolutionary War… Franklin traveled to PARIS… In order to convince the FRENCH to join the war on the side of the Americans. After the Battle of Saratoga, the French declared war on the British… Which meant military and naval assistance to the Americans… MONEY… And forced the British to fight on two continents. Marquis de Lafayette Was a French military officer… Who joined the American Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. He was TREMENDOUSLY important in helping George Washington transform the Continental Army… Into a professional fighting force. George Washington Was the commander-in- chief of the Continental Army… After several defeats, he crossed the Delaware River on Christmas Day and led the Americans to their first major victory… He was responsible for developing the Americans’ military strategy… And immediately after the American victory in the Revolutionary War… HE RESIGNED. Lord Cornwallis Was one of the leading British generals during the Revolutionary War. His LOSS and SURRENDER at the Battle of Yorktown… Resulted in the American VICTORY and the British DEFEAT in the Revolutionary War. Alexander Hamilton As a leading FEDERALIST… And a strong supporter of the RATIFICATION of the CONSTITUTION. He believed in a STRONG government… Which led him to sharp disagreements with Thomas Jefferson… Who supported the idea of a WEAK government. James Madison Was another strong supporter of the Constitution… He was known as the “Father of the Constitution”… He also wrote much of the Bill of the Rights… Which are the first TEN amendments to the Constitution. Charles de Montesquieu Was a French political philosopher… Who argued that governmental power must be DIVIDED… In order to prevent takeover by one person, or by a small group of people. His writings form the basis of the concept of the… SEPARATION of POWERS… And this is the reason our government is divided into THREE branches: The Legislative… The Executive… The Judicial. President George Washington Was the first President under the Constitutional government. He is important for having INVENTED the role of President… But his greatest accomplishment as President was his decision to… WALK AWAY FROM POWER after two terms. President Thomas Jefferson Jefferson’s Presidency contained TWO important accomplishments: 1. The LOUISIANA PURCHASE from France… 2. The LEWIS & CLARK expedition… Which was sent to explore the Louisiana Territory. Eli Whitney Was Civil War-era inventor… His COTTON GIN made the growing of cotton wildly profitable… Which increased cottonfarming, as well as the use of slaves. His system of INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS allowed for the MASS PRODUCTION of weapons… And was responsible for the North being able to produce far greater quantities of GUNS than the South during the Civil War. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Was a Civil War-era women’s rights activist… And the originator of the women’s SUFFRAGE movement in the United States. She also organized the first women’s rights conference (Seneca Falls) in US history. Nat Turner Was an American slave who received a “vision from God”… That led him to organize a slave rebellion that resulted in the deaths of 55 white slave owners and their family members. The rebellion ended when he was captured and executed... And resulted in the harsh limitation of the privileges of slaves to meet and travel. William Lloyd Garrison Was an important ABOLITIONIST… And the publisher of The Liberator… An abolitionist newspaper. The Grimke Sisters Were from a slave- owning family from South Carolina… And became both early ABOLITIONISTS and supporters of… WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. Frederick Douglass Was an escaped slave… Who became a leading ABOLITIONIST. His autobiography… Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass… Was widely read and cause many Americans to turn against the practice of slavery. John C. Calhoun Was a US Vice President and a Senator from South Carolina… He developed the concept of “nullification”… Whereby individual states could refuse to follow any federal law with which they disagreed. Supporters of slavery used this idea to argue against abolitionism. Ulysses S. Grant Took command of the Union (northern) Army during the last third of the Civil War… Was willing to suffer the deaths of thousands of soldiers in order to win the war… And was eventually responsible for overseeing the Union victory. Robert E. Lee Was the top commander of the Confederate (southern) Army… Although often hugely outnumbered… His tremendous battlefield skills led to dozens of Confederate victories. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Was Robert E. Lee’s most trusted General… Responsible for the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run… And numerous other Confederate victories. Was killed by friendly fire at the Battle of Chancellorsville. William T. Sherman Was responsible for the most successful Union invasion of the South… Practiced “scorched earth” policy in the invasion… Lost the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain. Burned Atlanta to the ground… And captured the city of Savannah. Jefferson Davis Was a former US Congressman from Mississippi… Who became the President of the Confederate States of America. Andrew Johnson Was Lincoln’s Vice President… And took the Presidency upon Lincoln’s assassination. His soft attitude toward the Southern states… Led to his impeachment in 1868. John D. Rockefeller Was an American businessman… Who became INCREDIBLY wealthy… With his establishment of the Standard Oil Company… Which operated as a monopoly and kept oil prices high. Thomas Edison Was an American inventor… Responsible for: The light bulb… The phonograph… The motion picture… The electric dog polisher… And the swivel chair. These inventions had a huge impact upon American life. Samuel Gompers Was an American labor-union leader… Who established the AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR… A union that sought to bring every SKILLED worker in the US into one organization. Sitting Bull Was a Sioux chief and military leader… Who led the Lakota Sioux to victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn (Custer’s Last Stand)… Which was both the HIGH POINT, and the END of Indian resistance to White expansion. Theodore Roosevelt Became President upon the assassination of William McKinley in 1901… Became a leader of the PROGRESSIVE movement… Which calls for GOVERNMENT solutions to society’s problems. Was also an early CONSERVATIONIST… And was responsible for numerous laws designed to protect the natural ENVIRONMENT… And the creation of national parks, etc. Eugene Debs Ran for the US Presidency as a SOCIALIST in the period before WW1… Spoke out against WW1 and was thrown in jail for violating the ESPIONAGE ACT… Which prohibited any activity which might aid enemies of the US during wartime. Woodrow Wilson US President during the WW1 era… Created the 14 Points proposal… Which was designed to reshape the western world after WW1… And which called for the formation of an international peacekeeping organization called the… League of Nations. Henry Ford An American businessman and entrepreneur… Perfected the use of the assembly line for automobile production… And lowered the price of the automobile (the Model-T)… To a price that was affordable for nearly every American family. Louis Armstrong New Orleans born trumpeter… Who is credited for promoting jazz as a form of ARTISTIC expression… And for bringing international popularity to jazz music. Langston Hughes A Harlem-based poet and writer… Who became famous as the voice of the Harlem Renaissance…. And as an early inspiration for the civil rights movement. Irving Berlin Was a music composer of the 1920’s… And a leader of the “Tin Pan Alley” collective. Much of the popular music of this era was composed by him. Huey Long A famous Depression-era politician… The governor of Louisiana, and later a US Senator from that state… He developed a concept called “Share the Wealth”… Which would have instituted a maximum wage… And guaranteed payments to every American family. He was assassinated while considering a run for the Presidency. A. Phillip Randolph Was an early civil rights leader… Who led a march on Washington to protest the segregation of the US Army… President Roosevelt responded by issuing the Fair Employment Act… Which banned discrimination in war industries… But not in the US Army itself. Joseph McCarthy Was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin… Who gained national fame by accusing government figures of communist activity… During an era known as the “Red Scare”. Oftentimes, the accusations were issued without any proof… But at the time, being accused of communist activity was usually enough to ruin a person’s career. Jackie Robinson Throughout the early 20th Century, Baseball was segregated… With black athletes confined to the so-called “Negro Leagues”. In 1947, Robinson was drafted to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers… Becoming the first black player in MLB. He was a six-time All Star; an MVP and the Rookie of the Year award is named after him. Martin Luther King Became active in the national civil rights movement after his role as the spokesman for the Montgomery bus boycott… His “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” argued for the importance of DIRECT, NONVIOLENT protest… And his I Have a Dream speech became one of the most well-known addresses in history. He was assassinated in 1968. Robert F. Kennedy Was John F. Kennedy’s Attorney General… And later, a Senator from New York. He ran for the US presidency in 1968… And was assassinated immediately after winning the California primary. Cesar Chavez Was a labor leader and a civil rights leader… Who brought the concept of nonviolent protest to Hispanic farm workers… Which ultimately led to better pay, health care and widespread recognition of the hardships faced by that group of workers. Barry Goldwater Was a Senator from Arizona… And a Republican presidential candidate in 1964. He is credited for the reemergence of the conservative movement… And was responsible for the rebirth of the Republican Party.