Download Spread of Islam Ppt - Jessamine County Schools

THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM
“Allah” they wanted was a place to call their own
THINGS TO KNOW
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Flight of Muhammad
Quraysh tribe
Abbasid
Sunni and Shi’ite
Mecca
Ka’ba
Quran
Five Pillars
Halal
Hajj
THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM
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Perfect storm socially
and geographically
 Pastoralists
in the
South were
isolated
 Nomads who
protected the
Sassanids
 Surrounded by
rivers and deserts
PRIOR TO MUHAMMAD
Completely isolated
 Completely isolated
 Completely isolated
 Completely isolated
 (Get the Point?!?!)
 Knew more about Africa & India than the
Arabian Peninsula
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TRADE
Nomads were guides and protected caravans
through this region
 No use of chariots, all camel power
 Led to the creation of
independent cities
 Spread of culture and
ideas (sound familiar?)
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MECCA
Settled by the Quraysh in the fifth century
 So far away that no one can attack it.
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MUHAMMAD 570 CE-632 CE
Born in Mecca he was orphaned very early and
illiterate
 Worked primarily as a merchant and would
often retreat to a cave for prayer
 At 40, while praying the angel Gabriel came to
him and asked him to read
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 Illiterate
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he began reading the Quran
Began preaching the “One God” and “complete
surrender” creating Islam
 Did
not become a Jew or Christian as he felt many
were living an unfit and unglorified lifestyle
MUHAMMAD 570 CE-632 CE
Many moral and social declines in Arab society
at this time and Islam created a unified Arabian
empire
 However, he caused disruption in the order of
things and gained many enemies within Mecca
 He and his followers had conflicts with various
factions until he is forced to flee in 622 to
Medina
 After years of conflict he finally returned to
Mecca with an army and retook the city
solidifying it into a unified Muslim empire
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AFTER MUHAMMAD
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By death most the Arabian Peninsula had converted to
Islam which unified the region, and he was seen by
Muslims as God’s last prophet on Earth
Succession issues: After death followers were divided
on whom should be next caliph
 Abu Bakr- (Sunni) His father-in-law and advisor in
Islam, followers believed a true follower of
Muhammad and Islam should be Caliph. He would
win majority vote
 Ali Ibn Abi Talib- (Shi’ite) His cousin and daughter’s
husband. This sect believed only blood family
should receive position of Caliph
KA’BA
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Most sacred site of Islam
Built by Abraham and his
son Ishmael
Muhammad changes
everything
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Changes from many idols
within to only Allah
Makes part of daily life of
prayer and part of Hajj
Thought to be the first
and oldest Mosque in
Islamic history
RISE OF THE ABBASID
Overthrow of the last Umayyad in 750
 Ruled until the Mongol takeover in 1258
 Quickly befriended Ali’s family
 Capital city was Baghdad
 Often called the “golden age” due to advances
in literature and math
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RISE OF THE ABBASID
Used mamluks, Turkish slaves, as a standing
army
 Effective but expensive
 Mamluks would overthrow caliphs and put
those in who favored them
 Buyid tribe princes took over. Heavy influence
over the caliph.
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INDIA
Turks brought to India
 Located in the NW
 3rd largest group after
Persians and Arabs
 Smashed Buddhist and Hindu temples
 Untouchables and lower castes liked Islam
 Rise of Sikhism, one god (Islam) with karma and
rebirth
 20% Muslim
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ANATOLIA
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90% Muslim
More native speakers
Smaller population
Sufi mysticism spread
WEST AFRICA
As well as Ghana, Songhai and Malian Empires
 Legitimacy with scribes and hajj participants
 Timbuktu was the educational capital of Islam
 Prominent with elite
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SPAIN
Muslims, Jews, and Christians live in Cordoba
peacefully in the beginning
 10th and 11th centuries warring started and
Muslim controlled
power strengthened
 Reconquista in 1200
Christians regained
control
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