Download Unit 2 Lesson 4 Introductory Video Script

Unit 2 Lesson 4 Introductory Video Script
Course
Music 7
Lesson
Objective
Semester
A
Unit
2
Lesson
4
The student will review the interval pattern for an ascending and
descending Major scale in Treble and Bass Clef, and be introduced to key
signatures and the Circle of Fifths.
Visual
Audio
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You now know what a major scale looks like
using solfège syllables.
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You also know what each interval in a major
scale sounds like.
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Now let’s consider how a scale is built, one note
at a time.
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Take a look at your piano. The space between
one key and the next is considered a half step.
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Two half steps make a whole step. So, the
space between two white keys with a black key
in between is a whole step.
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Two white keys that do not have a black key in
between are only a half step apart.
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If you play every key in an octave—beginning
on middle C and ending on the next C above—
you are playing what is called a chromatic
scale.
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The chromatic scale is made up of twelve notes,
each a half step apart.
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A major scale is made up of eight notes, so it
uses both half and whole steps.
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left>
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It is also important to know that a whole step is
the same thing as a major 2nd interval, while a
half step is a minor second interval.
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The order in which major and minor 2nd intervals
are used is what determines the type of scale.
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<Image 1:
http://pixabay.com/en/letters-abcalphabet-journal-font-451509/>
The interval pattern for a major scale is always
major 2nd, major 2nd, minor 2nd, major 2nd, major
2nd, major 2nd, and minor 2nd.
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Or in terms of steps, a major scale consists of a
whole step, a whole step, a half step, a whole
step, a whole step, a whole step, and a half
step.
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Look at your piano again. Locate middle C.
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Beginning on middle C, slowly play eight notes,
using this pattern of intervals.
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If you counted correctly, you will have used
every white key between the two C’s, and no
black keys.
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The white keys on the piano are what we call
natural keys, and are represented by a letter.
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letters>
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The seven natural keys are A, B, C, D, E, F,
and G. That is also the order of the notes from
lowest pitch to highest.
These seven notes make up an octave and
repeat over and over as you can see on your
keyboard.
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The black keys on the piano represent half
steps between the natural keys that are a whole
step apart.
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We call them either sharp or flat, depending on
which key we are comparing them to. Sharps
and flats in musical notations are also referred
to as accidentals.
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For example, the black key right above middle
C can be called a C# or a Db.
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So, sharp means higher pitched, while flat
means lower pitched.
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A composer decides whether to use a sharp or
flat depending on the key signature they are
using.
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The key signature tells musicians two important
things.
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It tells them what key, also called tonality, the
piece is written in. The key refers to the note
that the corresponding scale would begin on.
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The key signature also tells musicians what
notes they must play as sharp or flat every time
they occur within the piece of music.
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Using a key signature rather than putting sharp
and flat signs on every note makes music easier
to read.
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The major scale you played beginning on
middle C is a C major scale. So it’s key, or
tonality, is C major.
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Since it used only white keys, you know that the
key of C major uses all natural notes. A piece
written in C major, then, required no key
signature.
<Effect—Pull image up from bottom> But if you wanted to begin your major scale on a
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D instead of a C, you would find that two black
http://pixabay.com/en/pianokeys are needed to maintain the correct interval
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pattern.
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The key of D major requires a C# and an F#. So
the key signature for D major is represented
with sharp signs on the C space and F line of
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the staff.
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A composer may use other sharps and flats in a
piece that are not in the key signature, but must
indicate those accidentals on the individual
notes.
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Many pieces of music also change key, and
therefore change key signature, several times
throughout.