Download Lesson 11 Introductory Video Script

Lesson 11 Introductory Video Script
Course
Music 7
Lesson
Objective
Semester
A
Unit
1
Lesson
12
The student will be able to identify the forms utilized by 20th Century
composers, such as Bartók, in order to explain their purpose.
Visual
Audio
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Another icon of the 20th Century Period in music
was Béla Bartók, the Hungarian composer and
pianist.
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le:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_WD
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Bartók was one of the founders of comparative
musicology, later called ethnomusicology, which
is the study of origins and approaches to music
in different cultures.
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Bartók was born in 1881 in a small town in what
was then Austria-Hungary, and became
Hungary after World War I.
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He showed great musical talent early in life. His
mother said he could tell differences in dance
rhythms she played on piano before he could
speak in full sentences.
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At age four he could play forty pieces on piano,
and his mother began teaching him formally the
following year.
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He was a rather sickly child, suffering from
terrible eczema until he was five, and his father
died suddenly when he was only seven.
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Bartók gave his first recital at age eleven, which
included one of his own compositions written
two years earlier. It was very well received.
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Beginning in 1899, Bartók seriously studied
music and composition, attending the Royal
Academy of Music in Budapest.
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There he met Zoltán Kodály, who became a
lifetime friend and influenced Bartók’s music
greatly.
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He was also influenced by composer Richard
Struass, whom he met in 1902.
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In 1904, at a holiday resort, Bartók overheard a
young nanny from Transylvania singing folk
songs to children.
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From that point on he was dedicated to
exploring folk music and using what he learned
in his own compositions.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bart
ok_recording_folk_music.jpg>
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In 1901, Kodály brought some of Claude
Debussy’s compositions back from Paris.
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Bartók then used his inspiration from Debussy’s
works in conjunction with folk music in his new
piano and chamber music compositions.
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He began teaching piano at the Royal Academy
the same year.
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He continued to travel to research folk music
traditions and incorporated these styles, making
his own music a mix of folk, classicism, and
modernism.
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His music includes asymmetric dance rhythms
and unique harmonies inspired by Bulgarian folk
music.
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Its blend of nationalism with late Romantic
elements classifies it clearly as 20th Century
music.
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In 1911 Bartók wrote his first and only opera,
“Bluebeard’s Castle.” He entered it for a prize,
but it was rejected and called “unfit for the
stage.”
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Bartók spent the next few years focused on
collecting and arranging folk music.
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In 1918 he began to write a ballet called “The
Miraculous Mandarin,” but it was not performed
until 1926 due to its subject matter.
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In the 1930’s Bartók travelled to Turkey to study
the music there and in 1940, after the outbreak
of World War II, he was tempted to flee his
home in Hungary.
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Hungary was siding with the Germans, and
Bartók was strongly opposed to Nazi rule.
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He reluctantly moved to the United States with
his wife, settling in New York City. He became a
U.S. citizen in 1945 but never felt truly at home.
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He was well known in America as a pianist,
musicologist, and teacher, but not as a
composer.
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There was little American interest in his music
during his final years.
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Columbia Records did record his music,
however, much of which was later released as
LP’s and CD’s.
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Bartók’s health began to decline in 1940. In
1944 he was finally diagnosed with leukemia,
but it was too late for much to be done.
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As his body failed, Bartók had a final bout of
creative energy, producing a final set of
masterpieces.
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“Concerto for Orchestra” was commissioned by
the Bostom Symphony Orchestra and
premiered in December 1944 with mostly
positive reviews.
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Boston_Symphony_Orchestra_1891.
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He was commissioned for two more works, but
was unable to complete them before his death.
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Bartók died from complications of leukemia at
age 64. Only ten people attended his funeral in
the United States.
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In 1988 his remains were transferred to
Budapest, Hungary, where we was given a
state funeral.
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Thanks to his studies of folk music and
innovative methods of incorporating what he
learned into his own music, Bartók is now
considered one of the most important
composers of the 20th century.