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Lesson 11 Introductory Video Script Course Music 7 Lesson Objective Semester A Unit 1 Lesson 12 The student will be able to identify the forms utilized by 20th Century composers, such as Bartók, in order to explain their purpose. Visual Audio <Effect—Fade to image, display on white background> Another icon of the 20th Century Period in music was Béla Bartók, the Hungarian composer and pianist. <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k_WD L11594.png> <Effect—Drop image in from top> Bartók was one of the founders of comparative musicology, later called ethnomusicology, which is the study of origins and approaches to music in different cultures. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Frances_Densmore_recording_ Mountain_Chief2.jpg> <Effect—Display image at close zoom, then zoom out> Bartók was born in 1881 in a small town in what was then Austria-Hungary, and became Hungary after World War I. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/landscaperiver-mountians-hills-79443/> <Effect—Dissolve to image> <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/music-nutsmusic-notes-sheet-music-224011/> He showed great musical talent early in life. His mother said he could tell differences in dance rhythms she played on piano before he could speak in full sentences. <Effect—Move image across right to left> At age four he could play forty pieces on piano, and his mother began teaching him formally the following year. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/piano-musiccloseup-186884/> <Effect—Fade to image> He was a rather sickly child, suffering from terrible eczema until he was five, and his father died suddenly when he was only seven. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/piano-musicmusical-instrument-505372/> <Effect—Display image at close zoom, then zoom out> Bartók gave his first recital at age eleven, which included one of his own compositions written two years earlier. It was very well received. <Image: http://morguefile.com/archive/display /122532> <Effect—Pull image up from bottom> Beginning in 1899, Bartók seriously studied music and composition, attending the Royal Academy of Music in Budapest. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/budapestchurch-architecture-495752/> <Effect—Display image> There he met Zoltán Kodály, who became a lifetime friend and influenced Bartók’s music greatly. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Kod%C3%A1ly_Zolt%C3%A1n_ P%C3%A9cs.JPG> <Effect—Dissolve to image> He was also influenced by composer Richard Struass, whom he met in 1902. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Richard_Strauss_%28b%29.jpg > <Effect—Fade to image> In 1904, at a holiday resort, Bartók overheard a young nanny from Transylvania singing folk songs to children. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/rimeteatransylvania-field-nature-367512/> <Effect—Drop image in from top> From that point on he was dedicated to exploring folk music and using what he learned in his own compositions. <Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bart ok_recording_folk_music.jpg> <Effect—Fade to image> In 1901, Kodály brought some of Claude Debussy’s compositions back from Paris. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Claude_Debussy_ca_1908,_foto _av_F%C3%A9lix_Nadar.jpg> <Effect—Move image across left to right> Bartók then used his inspiration from Debussy’s works in conjunction with folk music in his new piano and chamber music compositions. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/quartet-tokyostage-strings-87084/> <Effect—Display image> He began teaching piano at the Royal Academy the same year. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/piano-musicclassical-vintage-601386/> <Effect—Dissolve to image> He continued to travel to research folk music traditions and incorporated these styles, making his own music a mix of folk, classicism, and modernism. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/lakebalaton-balaton-lake-hungary112167/> <Effect—Drop image in from top> His music includes asymmetric dance rhythms and unique harmonies inspired by Bulgarian folk music. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/belogradchikrocks-bulgaria-324953/> <Effect—Fade to image> Its blend of nationalism with late Romantic elements classifies it clearly as 20th Century music. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/violinstring-music-instrument-516026/> <Effect—Display image> In 1911 Bartók wrote his first and only opera, “Bluebeard’s Castle.” He entered it for a prize, but it was rejected and called “unfit for the stage.” <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Barbebleue.jpg> <Effect—Display image at wide zoom, then zoom in> Bartók spent the next few years focused on collecting and arranging folk music. <Image: http://morguefile.com/archive/display /925893> <Effect—Dissolve to image> In 1918 he began to write a ballet called “The Miraculous Mandarin,” but it was not performed until 1926 due to its subject matter. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Degas_La_classe_de_danse_1874.jpg> <Effect—Pull image up from bottom> In the 1930’s Bartók travelled to Turkey to study the music there and in 1940, after the outbreak of World War II, he was tempted to flee his home in Hungary. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/uchisarmountain-rock-castle-65017/> <Effect—Fade to image> Hungary was siding with the Germans, and Bartók was strongly opposed to Nazi rule. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Orel43.jpg> <Effect—Dissolve to image> He reluctantly moved to the United States with his wife, settling in New York City. He became a U.S. citizen in 1945 but never felt truly at home. <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Sunset_over_New_York_City_193 2.jpg> <Effect—Move image across right to left> He was well known in America as a pianist, musicologist, and teacher, but not as a composer. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/backgroundmusician-music-notes-313622/> <Effect—Display image> There was little American interest in his music during his final years. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/sheet-musicmusic-melody-sheet-277277/> <Effect—Fade to image> Columbia Records did record his music, however, much of which was later released as LP’s and CD’s. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/cddvd-disk-floppy-disk-computer437725/> <Effect—Drop image in from top> Bartók’s health began to decline in 1940. In 1944 he was finally diagnosed with leukemia, but it was too late for much to be done. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/piano-grandpiano-musical-instrument-349928/> <Effect—Dissolve to image> As his body failed, Bartók had a final bout of creative energy, producing a final set of masterpieces. <Image: http://morguefile.com/archive/display /227935> <Effect—Display image> “Concerto for Orchestra” was commissioned by the Bostom Symphony Orchestra and premiered in December 1944 with mostly positive reviews. <Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Nathaniel_Livermore_Stebbins_ Boston_Symphony_Orchestra_1891. jpg> <Effect—Fade to image> He was commissioned for two more works, but was unable to complete them before his death. <Image: http://morguefile.com/archive/display /17929> <Effect—Move image across left to right> <Image: http://morguefile.com/archive/display Bartók died from complications of leukemia at age 64. Only ten people attended his funeral in the United States. /937873> <Effect—Dissolve to image> In 1988 his remains were transferred to Budapest, Hungary, where we was given a state funeral. <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/budapesthungary-parliament-114129/> <Effect—Display image at wide zoom, then zoom in> <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Sculpture_of_Imre_Varga__B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k.jpg> Thanks to his studies of folk music and innovative methods of incorporating what he learned into his own music, Bartók is now considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century.