Download Lesson 11 Introductory Video Script

Lesson 11 Introductory Video Script
Course
Music 7
Lesson
Objective
Semester
A
Unit
1
Lesson
11
The student will be able to identify the forms utilized by 20th Century
composers, such as Copland, in order to explain their purpose.
Visual
Audio
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An important facet of music in the 20th century
was nationalism. Composers used their music
to portray the cultures of their nations.
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America’s most prominent 20th century
composers included George Gershwin and
Charles Ives, but the composer who most
typified American music was Aaron Copland.
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Copland as born in 1900 in Brooklyn, New York.
He was the youngest of five children.
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Copland later recalled that as a child, he was
not particularly athletic and preferred to spend
time alone, reading.
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His sister, Laurine, was a talented musician and
gave him music lessons.
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She attended the Metropolitan Opera School
and would bring home libretto for her brother to
study.
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As a teenager, Copland took lessons in basic
composition from Rubin Goldmark.
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His early influences included Chopin, Debussy,
Verdi, and many Russian composers.
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Later he was inspired by Bach, Mozart, and
Ravel. Schoenberg inspired him to dabble in
atonal and twelve-tone music, and he would
eventually call Stravinsky his hero.
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Then, after high school, Copland played with
dance bands and took piano lessons.
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While his father wanted him to attend college,
Copland decided instead to go to Paris and
study music further.
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He only meant to stay for a year, but ended up
studying there for three years under Nadia
Boulanger.
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He was inspired by the culture of 1920’s Paris
where such artists and intellectuals and Ernest
Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, Pablo
Picasso, and Marcel Proust spent a great deal
of time.
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While not studying and composing, Copland
wrote music critiques, which helped him gain
recognition and stature among the music
community.
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He returned to America in the mid-20’s feeling
optimistic and determined to make it as a fulltime composer.
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He found himself inspired by the styles of jazz
music, particularly its use of rhythms, and tried
to make subtle uses of it in his own music.
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In New York, Copland formed a group of five
young, American composers who called
themselves the “commando unit.”
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The composers provided each other with both
support and rivalry.
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Later in his life, Copland was even more
generous with his time when it came to helping
younger musicians, which earned him the title
“Dean of American Music.”
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In the later 1920’s, Copland adhered to a
modernist viewpoint that said only select, elite
groups needed to appreciate music.
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In the 30’s he began to change his mind,
though, and create music that was useful and
appealed to a wide audience.
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He wrote music with young audiences in mind,
as well as scores for musical plays and
Hollywood films.
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The 1940’s were probably Copland’s most
productive decade and the period in which he
established his fame around the world.
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Two of his ballet scores, “Rodeo” and
“Appalachian Spring,” written in 1942 and 1944
respectively, were among his most famous
works.
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“Lincoln Portrait,” “Fanfare for the Common
Man,” and “Third Symphony,” written between
1944 and 1946 were also very successful.
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<Text: COMMUNISM>
In the 1950’s Americans had a growing fear of
communism as a Cold War began between the
U.S. and the Soviet Union.
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Some of Copland’s earlier political leanings
called his beliefs into question, and he, like
many other public figures, was called before
Congress in 1953 to testify that he had never
been a communist.
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Copland spent much of his time travelling
around Europe in the 1950’s and 60’s, and from
the 60’s on he began to focus on conducting
more than composing.
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le:Aaron_Copland%27s_concert_in_
Belgrade.jpg>
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Copland’s health deteriorated throughout the
1980’s, and he died from Alzheimer’s and
respiratory failure in 1990.
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During his life he received a Presidential Medal
of Freedom from Lyndon B. Johnson and a
Pulitzer Prize for conducting for “Appalachian
Spring.”
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He also received three Academy Award
nominations plus one win for his movie scores.
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His interest in American culture and the
representation of it in his music made him one
of the most clearly nationalistic American
composers ever.