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China Travel Brochure By Ariana Speight Period 3 Geography Qin Ling Mountains - Qin Ling means “mountain of the kingdom of Qing”. - Divided China into 2 parts, northern and southern. - This was during the Qing dynasty which united China in 221 B.C. - There was lots of vegetation there and pandas. Taklamakan Desert - Helped China isolate the country of West Asia. - It was an arid wasteland that is partially on the silk road. - In order to take control over the silk road, the Tang dynasty ruled over their oasis cities. Tian Mountains - Separated China from Takzhikistan, Kirgizia, and Zazakhastan. - It is in the north western area of China. - It also has been a path way to central and west Asia. Religion Buddhism - The purpose of this religion is to stop suffering through meditation and enlightenment. - Siddhartha Gautama or the Buddha is the one who began the religion. - Four Noble Truths are the sections of the Buddha’s teachings: 1) All life is suffering and pain 2) Suffering and pain are caused by desire for wealth, pleasure, fame, and power 3) To end suffering one must overcome desire 4) To overcome desire, one must follow the Middle Way - Reincarnation is the step to enlightenment with nirvana being your ultimate goal. Daoism - This religion is based on the teachings of Laozi. - The teachings say you should live your life in balance with nature. - Knowledge and education is not important with this religion. Similarities - Harmony - Respect - Balance - Compassion Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty A.D. 589-618 A.D. 618-907 A.D. 960-1279 A.D. 1260-1368 A.D. 1368-1644 A.D. 1644-1912 Political Structures Sui - The emperors Wen and Yang Di were harsh rulers because they forced many peasants to fight in the army or to work on public projects. Tang - Wu Zhao, China’s only female ruler was the Empress of this dynasty. - They used bureaucracy which means the government was composed of departments. - Officials were also artists, poets, scholars, etc. Song - Mongols and Manchurians attacked the northern borders for 200 years which forced the capital to move south to Hangzhou. - Civil service exams were the root of how they would get into government. Political Structures (Con.) Yuan - Turks and Persians maintained the civil service exam system. - They had a strict hierarchy of social classes: 1st-Tax free Mongols 2nd- Foreigners 3rd- Northern Chinese 4th- Southern Chinese Ming - They reintroduced the civil service exam. - The emperors were extremely powerful, often ruled as despots which are rulers who use their power abusively. - They also built a new capital in Peking. All Combined - Scholar groups became the leading class because they started passing the civil service exam. - At first, aristocrats which are the higher class were the only ones who took the civil service exam. - Then, meritocracy occurred where farmers would send their sons to take the exam and work in the government. - Also, a money economy started because paper money was what was used to trade for goods. Achievements Paper Money - The original name was “flying money”. - It was invented in the ninth century. - At first, merchants made their own money. - Then the government made the money, a practice that continues today. Achievements (Con.) Music - They used timbre which is the particular sound each instrument makes. - When the strings were touched, they made different noises by: plucking, brushing, hitting, etc. - Their instruments, for example the qin, were simply wooden stands with strings. Achievements (Con.) Abacus - Another name for it would be “suanpan”. - This is a counting device which today is usually used in kindergarten. - In the fourteenth century, it was most advanced. - The frame is wood, and the counters are beads. Achievements (Con.) Porcelain - A mineral called feldspar added to white clay makes white porcelain. - The clay name is kaolin and is fired at a high temperature, becomes partially see-through, water resistant, and very hard. Achievements (Con.) Coal and Iron Production - Coal and iron production was greater in China than anywhere in the world. - This was during A.D. 618-1127, the Tang and Song Dynasty. - The fourth century is the beginning of coal use as fuel or black earth. - Later, they were able to make steel. China Today… The Great Wall is still one of the greatest attractions today. Buddhism currently has about 376 million followers and is generally listed as the world's fourth largest religion. Over the years, China has improved in almost every aspect including living conditions and human rights, however governmental control is still strong.