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Transcript
Chapter 16.2 Vocabulary/Two Column Notes The War in the East War in Virginia Bull Run/Manassas Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Confederate General/stood like a stone wall at First Battle of Bull Run First Battle of Bull Run (July 1861): General Irvin McDowell vs General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson/first major battle of the Civil War/Also known as First Battle of Manassas ● Spectators gathered around to watch/kept Union from retreating together ● Confederate Victory ● Dashed Union hopes of winning the war quickly War in Virginia More Battles in Virginia ● Lincoln knew the Union needed a better trained army George B . McClellan: General who assembled 100,000 highly disciplined soldiers/Called Army of the Potomac ● After months of training, McClellan hesitated to attack the Confederate army ● Spring of 1862 McClellan launches an attack on Richmond called the Peninsular Campaign Robert E. Lee: Graduate of Military Academy at West Point/Lincoln asked Lee to lead the Union Army….he declined/Becomes commander of Confederate army in Virginia War in Virginia More Battles in Virginia ● June 26th, Lee and the Confederates launch the Seven Days’ Battles forcing the Union to retreat near Richmond, Virginia ● Lincoln ordered General John Pope to march directly on to Richmond Second Battle of Bull Run: Jackson and Pope fight a three day battle that ends in a Confederate victory ❖ Robert E. Lee decides to take the war to the North Battle of Antietam ● September 4, 1862 Robert E. Lee divided his 40,000 man army ● Half his men went with Stonewall Jackson to Harpers Ferry, Virginia/Captured town ● Lee took his men to Frederick, Maryland/urged people to join confederates/they refused ● Copy of Lee’s battle plan is found at abandoned Confederate camp ● McClellan and Lee meet at Antietam Creek, Maryland on September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam: bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War-- and of U.S. history ● Union won/Lee’s advancement stopped Breaking the Union’s Blockade The Union Naval Strategy Clash of the Ironclads ● Union Navy controlled the sea/experienced naval officers/industry to build ships ● Confederacy got ships from British companies ● Block southern seaports/damage economy ● Reduced ships in southern ports from 6,000 to 800 per year/devastating Ironclads: ships heavily armored with iron ● Confederates received these from the British even though they were neutral ● Confederates captured the Merrimack, a Union ship/turned into ironclad/named it the Virginia Breaking the Union’s Blockade The Union Naval Strategy ● Union had an ironclad called the Monitor/it was designed by swedish engineer John Ericsson ● The Monitor battled the Virginia in an effort to keep the Union blockade going/success ❖ The use of wind powered wooden ships was coming to an end
