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Learn and Live:
Tips for a Healthy Lifestyle
On behalf of the Creighton Cardiac Center
and the American Heart Association
February 2007
92.0
Percent of Population
100.0
71.3 75.1
80.0
83.0
60.0
39.1 39.5
40.0
20.0
14.8
9.4
0.0
20-39
40-59
Males
60-79
80+
Females
Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in adults age 20 and older by age and sex
(NHANES: 1999-2004). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. These data include coronary
heart disease, heart failure, stroke and hypertension.
900
Deaths in Thousands
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
04
00
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
1900
0
Years
Deaths from diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–
2004.) Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
7
Discharges in Millions
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
70
80
90
00
Years
Hospital discharges for cardiovascular diseases.
(United States: 1970-2004). Note: Hospital discharges
include people discharged alive, dead and status unknown.
Source: NCHS and NHLBI.
04
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
• Some heart attacks are sudden and intense, but most
heart attacks start slowly, with mild discomfort.
• Chest discomfort
– Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the
chest that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and
comes back.
– It can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or
pain.
• Discomfort in other areas of the upper body
– Symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both
arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
• Shortness of breath
– May occur with or without chest discomfort.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
• Other signs: These may include breaking out in a
cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness.
• As with men, women's most common heart attack
symptom is chest pain or discomfort.
– But women are somewhat more likely than men to
experience some of the other common symptoms,
particularly shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting and
back or jaw pain.
What do you do???
• Don't wait longer than a few minutes (no more
than 5) before calling for help.
• Call 9-1-1... Get to a hospital right away.
• If you can't access the emergency medical
services (EMS), have someone drive you to the
hospital right away.
• If you're the one having symptoms, don't drive
yourself unless you have absolutely no other
option.
Warning Signs of Stroke
• Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm
or leg, especially on one side of the body
• Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance or coordination
• Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
Warning Signs of Stroke
• Immediately call 9-1-1 or the emergency
medical services (EMS) number so an
ambulance can be sent for you.
• Also, check the time so you'll know when
the first symptoms appeared.
Prevention Pays Off:
Know Your Numbers!!
• Systolic & diastolic blood pressure
– Less than 140/90 in everyone
– Less than 130/80 for diabetics
• Whole blood glucose
– Less than 126 mg/dl
• Cholesterol
– Total < 200 mg/dl, LDL depends on your risk factors
– HDL is “happy” & higher is better
• Height & weight: BMI < 25
Cholesterol
• It's fairly easy to lower your cholesterol
– Eat more foods low in saturated fat &
cholesterol
– Cut down on high-fat foods, especially those
high in saturated fats
– Watch your caloric intake
Tips for Healthy Living
• Eat at least 5 servings of fruits & vegetables
every day
• Eat 6 or more servings of cereals, breads, pasta &
other whole-grain products
• Eat fish, poultry (without skin) & leaner cuts of
meat instead of fatty ones
• Eat fat-free or 1% milk dairy products rather than
whole-milk dairy products
Tips for Healthy Living
• Enjoy 30–60 minutes of vigorous activities
on most (or all) days of the week
• Maintain a healthy weight
Blood Pressure (BP)
• High BP (HBP) usually has no symptoms
• The only way to find out if you have HBP is to have
your BP checked
• If your BP is ok, get it checked at least every 2 years
• If you have prehypertension or if you have a family
history of HBP, you're at higher risk
• Children & adults with smaller or larger than
average-sized arms may need special-sized cuffs
What's normal blood pressure?
BP Category
Systolic
Diastolic
Normal
< 120 and
< 80
Prehypertension
120-139 or
80-89
High BP
Stage 1
140-159 or
90-99
> 160 or
> 100
Stage 2
10 Ways to Control Your BP
• Know your BP. Have it checked regularly.
• Know what your weight should be. Keep it
at or below that level.
10 Ways to Control Your BP
• Don't use too much salt in cooking or at
meals. Avoid salty foods.
• Eat a diet low in saturated fat according to
AHA recommendations.
• Control alcohol intake. Don't have more than
one drink a day if you're a woman or two a
day if you're a man.
10 Ways to Control Your BP
• Take your medicine exactly as prescribed.
Don't run out of pills even for a single day.
• Keep appointments with your doctor.
• Follow your doctor's advice about physical
activity.
• Make certain your relatives have their BP
checked regularly.
• Live a normal life in every other way.
Diabetes (DM): Not so Sweet
• DM: fasting blood glucose of > 126 mg/dL
• "Pre-diabetes”: glucose levels are higher than
normal but not yet diabetic
– Increased risk for developing type 2 DM, heart
disease & stroke
– One of these conditions:
• Impaired fasting glucose
• Impaired glucose tolerance
Not so Sweet
• Type 2 DM is the most common form
• DM is a major risk factor for stroke &
coronary heart disease, including heart
attack (MI)
• Unfortunately, most diabetics are not aware of
these risks
DM
• It's critical for diabetics to have regular exams
• Work closely with your doctor to manage your
DM & control any other risk factors
– If excess weight is an issue, a doctor may
prescribe changes in eating habits, exercise
programs and medications to help keep weight in
check.
DM
• Diabetics may avoid or delay cardiovascular
disease by controlling their blood sugar &
other risk factors
– Control weight & cholesterol with a low-fat, lowcholesterol diet & regular exercise
– It's also important to lower high blood pressure
– Do not to smoke
– BP should be lower than 130/80 mm Hg
Cigarette smoking: Bad News
• Cigarette smoking: the most important
preventable cause of premature death in the
United States
• Smokers have a higher risk of developing a
number of chronic disorders
– Cardiovascular disease & MIs
– Several types of cancer
– Chronic obstructive lung disease
Bad News
• Smoking increases the risk of coronary heart
disease by itself
– when it acts with other factors, it greatly increases risk
• Smoking increases BP, decreases exercise
tolerance & increases the tendency for blood to
clot
Bad News
• Smoking also increases the risk of recurrent heart disease
after bypass surgery
• Smoking is the most important risk factor for young men
& women
– It produces a greater relative risk in persons under age 50 than
in those over 50
• Women who smoke & use birth control pills greatly
increase their risk of MI & stroke
– compared with nonsmoking women who use birth control pills
Second-hand Smoke
• The link between second-hand smoke &
disease is well known
• About 37,000 to 40,000 people die from heart
& blood vessel disease caused by other
people's smoke each year
• Of these, about 35,000 nonsmokers die from
heart disease, which includes MI
The Good News
• About 48 million Americans smoke cigarettes,
but most smokers are either actively trying to
quit or want to quit
• Since 1965, more than 40% of all adults who
have ever smoked have quit
The Good News
• After 1 year off cigarettes, the excess risk
of heart disease caused by smoking is
reduced by 50%
– After 15 years of abstinence, the risk is similar
to that for people who've never smoked
• In 5 to 15 years, the risk of stroke for exsmokers returns to the level of those
who've never smoked
The Good News
• Male smokers who quit between ages 35 to 39
add an average of 5 years to their lives
• Female quitters in this age group add 3 years
• Men & women who quit at ages 65 to 69
increase their life expectancy by 1 year
Benefits of Exercise
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Improves self-image
Controls weight
Improves cholesterol
Prevents/manages BP
Prevents bone loss
Boosts energy level
Helps manage stress &
releases tension
• Improves the ability to
sleep well
• Counters anxiety/depression
• Increases strength/ability to do
other physical activities
• Provides a way to share an
activity with family & friends
• Establishes good heart-healthy
habits in children
• Helps prevent chronic illnesses
associated with age
• Maintains quality of life &
independence longer
Painless Ways to Increase Activity
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Do housework yourself; Garden or mow
Go out for a walk before or after meals
Walk or bike to the store instead of driving
If walking, pick up the pace or choose a hilly route
Pedal your stationary bicycle while watching TV
Stand up while talking on the telephone
Walk the dog
Park farther in the lot & walk the extra distance
Keep exercise equipment in good working order & use
it
Painless Ways to Increase Activity
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Plan outings that include physical activity
See the sights in new cities by walking
Make a date with a friend to enjoy physical activities
Play music while exercising or doing housework
Dance with someone or by yourself
Join a club that emphasizes physical activity
When golfing, walk instead of using a cart
Play singles tennis instead of doubles
At a picnic, join in on badminton instead of croquet
Painless Ways to Increase Activity
• Walk in the American Heart Association’s
Heart Walk
Learn More & Live
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Know your numbers
Get active
Work with your doctor
http://www.americanheart.org
The Cardiac Center
at 3006 Webster Street
Mission
Quality patient care through
education & research
SERVICE, SERVICE, SERVICE
We strive to exceed your expectations
Division of Cardiology
• 18 Faculty Cardiologists
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11 Non-invasive
4 Interventional
3 Electrophysiology
• 12 Cardiology Fellows
• 3 NPs/PAs
• 200+ Staff
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Registered Nurses
PharmDs
Exercise Science Specialists
Nutritionists
Tobacco Treatment Specialist
Cardiac Sonographers
Technicians
Clerical Staff
Administrative Professionals
Outpatient Sites
• 3006 Webster (West of CUMC hospital)
• Lakeside
• Bergan
• NW Radial Highway
• Columbus, NE
• Onawa, IA
• 9 Outreach Sites in NE & IA
Outpatient Prevention Services
• Partners in Cardiology
• Stress Management
– Club Exercise Membership • Tobacco Treatment
– Individualized Exercise
Program
• Nutrition Education
– Private
– Group Classes
– Cooking Schools
– Group
– Individual
Outpatient CV Services
•
Patient Eval & Mgmt
•
EKG
•
Laboratory Studies
•
Chest X-ray
•
Stress Testing
•
Diagnostic Cardiac Cath
•
Cardiovascular Ultrasound
• Carotid, peripheral, renal, abdominal
•
EECP
•
Cardiac Rehabilitation
• Arrhythmia Mgmt Services
•
Event Recorders
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Holter Monitors
• Heart-Lite
• Therapeutic Monitoring
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Anticoagulation medications
Arrhythmia medications
• HIT (Heart Failure Mgmt)
• Device Mgmt
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Pacemaker
ICD
Support Groups
• The Cardiac Upbeats
• The Jump Starters
• Mended Hearts
Collaborative Approach
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With Primary Care Provider
Patient
Family
Among faculty
– Built in “second opinion”
Call Us With Questions
• If you or a loved one have questions
regarding Heart Health, talk to your primary
care physician or contact The Cardiac
Center of Creighton University Medical
Center at 280-5920 to learn more about
the programs available through Creighton's
healthcare services.