Download Operating Systems and Utility Programs

The Operating System and
Utility Programs
ITSC 1401, Intro to Computers
Instructor: Glenda H. Easter
Learning Objectives
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Identify the various types of system
software
Differentiate between an operating system
and utility program
Describe the features of operating systems
Describe the functions of an operating
system
Operating Systems and Utility
Programs, Chapter 8
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Learning Objectives
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Identify and briefly describe popular operating
systems used today
Explain the startup process for a personal
computer
Discuss the purpose of the following utilities:
viewer, file compression, diagnostic, disk
scanner, defragmenter, uninstaller, backup,
antivirus, and screen saver
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System Software
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Operating Systems (OS)
The Computer’s Traffic Cop
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System Utilities
Tools for Housekeeping
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Operating Systems
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A set of programs containing instructions
that coordinate all activities among
hardware resources
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Allows you to run applications software
Memory-resident
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Managing Resources
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Operating systems don’t just manage the
interaction of components.
In a multi-user system, the operating
system controls who has access to what
and how much of it.
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System Software
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The operating system acts as an intermediary
between the software and the hardware.
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Programs, Chapter 8
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System Software
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DOS
MS Windows 3.1 GUI
MS Windows 95
Macintosh System 7.5
UNIX
Other
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Resident Programs- versus Transient Programs
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Resident or Supervisory Programs
remain in the primary storage all the time.
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The supervisory program for MS-DOS is
Command.Com.
Transient Programs are loaded into the
primary storage as they are needed.
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Operating Systems
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User interfaces
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Command-line interface
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Command language
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Menus
 Icons
 User Friendly
 Browser-like features
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Programs, Chapter 8
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System Software Functions
User
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Programs
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Application Programs
Word
Processing
Systems Programs
On
RAM
Off
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Supervisor
Transient
Manages Resources
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Multitasking
Multithreading
Hardware
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User Interface
• Types of User Interface
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command-line
menu driven
graphical user interface (GUIs)
• User Interface functions
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gain access (log on)
start (launch)
manage disks and files
shut down safely
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Communicating between the
User and the Operating System
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Command-line interfaces allow users to
write short programs called batch files,
scripts, or macros depending on the system.
Software user interface describes in detail the
rules and conventions by which the program
will communicate with people using it.
 User interface is a set of rules and conventions
by which a person communicates with the
system.
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Graphical User Interface
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Windows 98 Features
the Active Desktop
A single user interface allows a user to browse
the Internet and the local computer resources.
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Most people like icons because it’s easy to
understand them and remember what they do.
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• GUI (pronounced “gooey”) Uses
graphics (icons) to represent commands
and programs which are chosen using a
mouse.
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An Icon
• An icon is a graphic that represents
printers, fonts, document files, folders,
and so on.
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DOS Uses a Command-Line
Interface
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Functions of the Operating
System
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Provides the instruction to display the on-screen
elements with which you interact.
Loads programs into the computer’s memory so
that you can use them.
Coordinates how programs work with the
CPU, RAM, keyboard, mouse, printer, and other
hardware as well as with other software.
Manages the way information is stored on and
retrieved from disks.
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Functions of an Operating
Systems
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Functions of an Operating System
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Memory management - optimize use of
random access memory (RAM)
Buffer
 Virtual memory (VM)
 Pages and paging
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Spooling print jobs
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Jobs placed in a buffer before sent to a printer
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Functions of an Operating
Systems
Spooling Print Jobs
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Virtual Memory Management
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Functions of an Operating
Systems (Continued)
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Functions of an Operating System
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Configuring devices
Device drivers
 When you add a new device, a driver also must be
present
 Plug and Play
 Interrupt request (IRQ)
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Plug and Play
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Interrupt Request (IRQ)
• Interrupt Request (IRQ) is used by
the operating system to send requests
to use memory and other hardware
devices attached to the computer
system.
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Interrupt and Request
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Functions of an Operating
Systems
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Functions of an Operating System
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Monitoring system performance
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Performance monitoring software
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Performance Monitors
When working with minicomputers, and
larger, it is important to monitor
performance.
 Cost and high maximum performance is
critical to the system.
 Response Time measures how long the
computer takes to fulfill a user’s request.
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Monitoring System
Performance
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Functions of an Operating System
(Continued)
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Functions of an Operating System
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Administering security
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Logging on
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User ID
Password
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Administering Security
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Functions of an Operating
System
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Functions of an Operating System
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Managing storage media and files
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File manager program
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Formatting and copying disks
Displaying lists of files
Checking the amount of used and free space
Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files
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Windows Explorer (File
Management Program)
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Files Can Be Managed With
Windows Explorer
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A Hierarchical File System
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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MS-DOS
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The operating system developed by Microsoft
Corporation for the IBM PC and all IBM-compatible
for person computers.
DOS stands for Disk Operating Systems
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Several versions
Command-line and menu-driven
Windows 3.x
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Operating environment
Graphical user interface
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Windows 95
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True multitasking operating system
Improved graphical interface
Supports networking, Plug and Play
technology, longer file names, and e-mail
Windows NT
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Windows 98
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Upgrade to Windows 95
Includes Microsoft Internet Explorer
Better Internet and multimedia support
New features
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Windows 98 Features
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Windows 2000
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Upgrade to Windows 98 and Windows NT
Graphical user interface
Windows 2000 Server Family
Windows 2000 Professional
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Windows Millennium
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Designed for home users
Upgrade from Windows 98
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Windows CE
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Designed for use on wireless communications
devices and smaller computers
Graphical user interface
Auto PC
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Voice commands
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Auto PC
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Palm OS
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Runs on many devices
Mobile computing
PIM software
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Mac OS
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Released in 1984 with the Macintosh
Can open, edit, and save files created in
Windows and DOS
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Macintosh
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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UNIX
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Multi-user and multitasking
Many versions available
Command-line interface
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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OS/2
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From IBM
Graphical user interface
Multitasking
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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Linux
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Free
Open-source software
Gaining in popularity
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Popular Operating Systems
(Continued)
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NetWare
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Widely used network operating system
Server portion resides on network server
Client portion resides on each client computer
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System Software Functions
User
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Controls Input/Output
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Application Programs
Word
Processing
Systems Programs
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BIOS
Communications
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User Interface
(command interpreter)
On
RAM
Off
Hardware
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Controlling Input and
Output Processes
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I/O (Input/Output Devices)
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May require either occasional attention to instruct them
on their next step of operations
In between they will transfer data directly to or from
memory.
Device Drivers are system software components
that allow the operating system to control a
device.
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They are separate pieces of software, usually produced
by the hardware manufacturer of the device.
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Starting a Computer
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Booting
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Cold boot
Warm boot (warm start) (Alt/Ctrl/Delete)
Boot information is displayed
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Starting a Computer
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Boot steps
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Power supply sends a signal
CPU resets and finds BIOS
BIOS performs power-on self test (POST)
POST results compared to CMOS
BIOS finds boot program
BOOT program loaded and run
Operating system loads and finds hardware
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Starting A Computer
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Boot disk
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Used if hard disk will not boot
Contains small set of operating system
commands
Can be created by a user
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How to Create a Boot Disk in
Windows 98
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From Start, select Control Panel.
Next, select Add and Remove Hardware
icon.
Click up the Startup Disk Tab.
Click the create button to create a startup
disk.
Follow the instructions on the screen.
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Creating a Boot Disk in
Windows 98
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Utility Programs
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A type of system software that performs a
specific task, usually related to managing a
computer, its devices, or it programs
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Built into operating system
Stand-alone
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Utilities
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Utility Programs (Continued)
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File viewer
File compression utility
Diagnostic utility
Disk scanner
Disk defragmenter
Uninstaller
Backup utility
Antivirus
Screen Savers
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Utility Programs
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Don’t leave your users crying in their milk, beer,
or whatever they drink.
Let them know there are
utility programs that can
assist in restoring lost data,
and there are utility
programs for “screen savers”
that prevent the destruction
of their monitors from
burn-in.
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In One Clean Swoop, It’s Gone
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There are special utility
programs that help users
maintain their composure
when important data is
suddenly wiped out.
Many utility programs
allow users to restore lost
data or “fix” problems
with their data files.
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Add/Remove Software
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Scan Disk
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Disk Defragmentation
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Defragmenting the Hard Drive
Can Make File Access Faster
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Microsoft Backup
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Screen Savers
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O.L.E. (Object Linking and
Embedding)
• With OLE
• Data is copied from one type of
document and embedded into another.
• The data that is copied retains a link
with the original document.
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Programs, Chapter 8
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Multitasking
• Multitasking
• Means being able to perform two or more
procedures at the same time.
• For example, performing the following tasks
all simultaneously:
• printing a multipage document
• sending e-mail over the Internet
• typing a letter
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Multitasking
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3
4
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