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Lab 07
Cisco Routers
Project Proposals
 Due NOW!
 Will review after lecture
 Will discuss with team captain and TA
 Captain must remain until review
Overview: Why this lab
 Linux tricks
 Package Management Systems
 Install new software (minicom)
 Cisco Router
 Using a serial terminal to configure a device
 Cisco router in this case
 Resetting a router from an unknown state
 Configuring a router
 Use of a router to connect different
networks
INSTALLING ADDITIONAL
SOFTWARE PACKAGES
Linux Tricks
PACKAGES
Packages
 Used to “package” software for Linux
distributions
 Vary by distribution type
 Debian
 APT (Advanced Package Management Tool)
 .deb files
 Red Hat
 RPM (RPM Package Management)
 Originally Red Hat Package Management)
 .rpm files
Package Management System


Aids in the installation, configuring, upgrading and removal of
software packages
Several styles


Debian




dpkg – base tool
apt – cli interface
Aptitude – high level cli interface
synaptic – gui interface

yum – base tool
Red Hat



Has a cli
PackageKit – gui interface
Plenty of other systems


Mandriva


MPM under dev.
Drakrpm

pkgtool
Slackware
PMS vs. Installer
Package Management
System
Installer
Typically part of the operating
system.
Each product comes bundled with its
own installer.
Uses a single installation database.
Performs its own installation,
sometimes recording information
about that installation in a registry.
Can verify and manage all packages
on the system.
Only works with its bundled
product.
Single package management system Multiple installer vendors.
vendor.
Single package format.
Multiple installation formats.
Installing additional software in Debian
 Base: dpkg
 Basic low level system
 Creates, installs, maintains .deb packages
 Three popular “high level” options in Debian:
 APT
 Advanced Package Tool
 Set of commands to install/update/delete packages
 apt-get – the main command

Has several options
 Aptitude
 Interactive front end
 Synaptic
 GUI interface
APT
 Advanced Package Tool
 Several tools in system
 Apt-setup
 Apt-spy
 Helps generate sources.list
 Apt-cache
 Searches for packages
 Apt-get
 Installs, maintains and removes
 Many more!
APT-GET



Syntax:

apt-get [options] [-o config=string] [-c=cfgfile] command [pkg]

.deb extension

Need to know the package name
Installs/maintains dpkg packaged files
To install a package


apt-get install pkgname



May need to have root authority
E.g. apt-get install apache2
apt-get finds packages based on your sources list

/etc/apt/sources.list



apt-get update …
apt-get remove …
etc…
There are other options to help installation and updating
/etc/apt/sources.list
#cat sources.list
#
# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lenny contrib main
deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r0 _lenny_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20070407-11:40]/ lenny contrib main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib
deb http://backports.sipo.nl lenny-backports main non-free
deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free
#
Aptitude
 ncurses APT front end
 cli “window”
 Interactive
 Syntax:
 aptitude install package
Synaptic
 GUI interface to install packages
 Under: System  Administration
 May be 1000’s of packages
 Can do a search to limit choices
 To install:
 Scroll to package to install
 Click on the S box for that package
 Check Mark for installation
 Click on Mark in the next window
 Click on Apply back in the Synaptic Package
Manager window
Important Note!
 To install packages your workstation
must be in the same network as the
package repository
 hades.lab
 Think!
 How do you easily get an address that is
in the hades.lab domain?
CISCO ROUTER LAB
Cisco Router
 Lab Overview
 Use a Cisco router to connect 3 or 4
different networks
 Different Class C networks
 E.g.




192.168.10.0
192.168.20.0
192.168.30.0
192.168.40.0
 Use Debian workstations
Separate networks
 Remember:
 If PCs are in different logical networks
they are not allowed to communicate
with each other
 Pinging will not work even if they are
on the same physical network
 Electronic signal will be seen, but not
responded to
Connect 3 or 4 Class C networks
with a Cisco router
Class C PC
192.168.10.2
Class C PC
192.168.30.2
192.168.10.1
192.168.20.1
(192.168.20.0 NW)
(192.168.10.0 NW)
Class C PC
192.168.20.2
myrouter
192.168.30.1
192.168.40.1
Switch
(192.168.30.0 NW)
(192.168.40.0 NW)
Class C PC
192.168.40.2
Class C PC
Class C PC
192.168.40.3 192.168.40.4
Lab has 4 steps
1. Install, configure, and test the Minicom
serial terminal (everyone)
1. You will need Minicom for later labs
2. Consider saving this VM for later use
2. Set up the Cisco router
1. Reset to factory defaults
2. Set initial configuration
3. Test to see if the router is routing
1. Optional: See if can hook two routers together
to get all workstations to communicate
4. Save the configuration and test that it
restarts with your last configuration
Serial terminal
MINICOM
Minicom
 Minicom is:
 Open source software
 A text-based modem controller and
terminal emulation program for Unix-like
operating systems
 Menu driven
 This lab will only use the terminal
emulation part
Minicom
 Must configure the terminal to
communicate to the serial device
 Need to set device to communicate to
the serial port on the Cisco router




Speed:
Bits:
Parity:
Stop bits:
9600
8
N
1
 9600 8n1
 Typical default for current serial interfaces
Minicom Hints
 <ctrl>+A then Z


Shows help menu page
Can enter the letter for an option here

Directly does that letter option

<ctrl>+A then F
 <ctrl>+A then (letter)
 Interesting Keys

<break>



Special signal to get the attached serial device’s attention
“Space” for a “long” time (typically 0.1 to 0.5 sec)
<ctrl>+A then W

Toggle line-wrap


Continues long text on the following line
This is important for this lab!
 Important: Don’t forget to release the <ctrl> before
hitting the second character!
Minicom Hints
 Must have root authority to run Minicom
 Or belong to a group allowed r/w access to
the serial port
 To run minicom type minicom in an
appropriate terminal
 The first time minicom is run you may
need to start it in setup mode:
minicom –s
 The virtual serial port may be either:
 /dev/ttyS0
 /dev/ttyS1
Notes/Warnings
 Note: Some of your PCs at home
might have two serial ports
 ttyS1 and ttyS0
 Beware if you use the VM on a home
system
Misc:
Many other alternatives to minicom
 screen
 Full screen (text) window manager
 Can be used as a serial terminal also
 screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600

Will control a USB serial device at 9600 bps
 Used by the “Pros”
 putty
 Cross platform
 Windows version available
 “GUI”
 Multi protocol
 serial
 ssh
 telnet
CISCO ROUTER
Reset router
 When you get the router it will be in an
unknown state
 Settings?
 Passwords?
 Etc…
 Need to reset the router to the factory
original settings
 Not as simple as an easy-to-push reset
button
 There is no reset button!
 There is a specific reset sequence
 Done via a serial port
Configure and Test router
 Configure the router
 Set up passwords
 Remember to change the default immediately
 Set up the 3 or 4 ports with IP addresses
 E.g.




192.168.11.1
192.168.12.1
192.168.13.1
Etc…
 For the 3rd octet use then number of the
workstation that will attach to it
Configure and Test router
 Explore the router
 Unprivileged mode
 Basic commands to see router's state
 Use “disable” to return to unprivileged
mode
 Privileged mode




Can change router state
Has several sub modes
Use “enable” to enter
<ctrl>-Z will exit sub states
Configure and Test router
 Default router settings
 Will monitor its ports
 Automatically build routing tables
 In this lab we will not do a customized routing table
 The router will build its own tables
 Hook up VMs with appropriate network addresses to
the correct ports
 VM address must be in the same network as the router port
they are connected to
 The Cisco 1841 will create its own routing tables
 Your VMs must know where there router is
 Look at the previous lab, it has the basis to configure this
Advanced: Connect 2 routers
together
 Disconnect a workstation
from each of the routers
 Connect routers with a
cable
 Reconfigure router ports
 Test that all can ping
 Document for bonus
points
Save Configuration
 After configuration:
 If the router is power cycled
 It will resume its last saved state
 Need to save the configuration you
just set up
 Do this as the last item
Equipment etiquette
 Return equipment






Routers back to bench
Power cords to storage
Cables back to storage
Hook the PC back to lab network
Log off
Power workstation down
Pro Note
 Many sysadmins prefer the screen
command
 Screen is a screen manager with
terminal emulation capability
 It is more difficult to set up
 Lightweight and “easy” to use
 If you know how
Last Notes
 Minicom
 Connect workstation serial port and router
 Turn router on
 Should see intelligible messages if Minicom
is configured correctly
 If not, double check Minicom’s settings
 The lab has an example dialog




Do not use verbatim!
Use as a template to guide you
Change the IP addresses for your use
Change the names to your names
Deliverable
 Lab report answering the questions
and ** items
 Include introductory and conclusion
 Must have cover sheet!
 Do not document text areas with screen
captures!
 Cut and paste
 Redirect output to file