Download 307 Final Review

Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. A hypothesis is a ____.
a. conclusion
b. guess
c. control
d. experiment
____
2. The variable that you change intentionally in an experiment is called the ____.
a. dependent variable
c. control
b. independent variable
d. constant
____
3. The factor that changes in an experiment that you have no control over.
a. dependent variable
c. control
b. independent variable
d. constant
____
4. Which of these SI units is used to measure temperature?
a. Milliliter
c. Steven
b. Kelvin
d. Kilogram
____
5. This consists of all of the living things on Earth and the environments they live in.
a. Hydrosphere
c. Biosphere
b. Geosphere
d. Trophosphere
____
6. Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____.
a. also a mineral
b. a rock
____
____
____
7. What is true about minerals?
a. They are naturally occurring and
inorganic.
b. They can be synthetically produced.
8. What is the Illinois State Mineral?
a. Fluorite
b. Florinite
c. a gem
d. an ore
c. They are organic and inorganic.
d. They are occasionally found in a liquid
state.
c. Sulfur
d. Quartz
9. There are about _______________ minerals overall in the earth’s crust
a. 30
c. 3,000
b. 30,000
d. 250
____ 10. Which of the following is NOT a test used to identify minerals?
a. luster
c. edibility
b. cleavage
d. streak
____ 11. When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. extrusive
c. Clastic
b. fine-grained
d. intrusive
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
____ 12. Metamorphic rocks that show layers are classified as ____.
a. nonfoliated
c. foliated
b. extrusive
d. intrusive
____ 13. Minerals always exist in a(n) ____ form.
a. liquid
b. gaseous
c. solid
d. organic
____ 14. Silver, gold, and copper have shiny surfaces and thus are said to have ____.
a. dull luster
c. waxy luster
b. metallic luster
d. nonmetallic luster
____ 15. Why can’t color be used to identify the Illinois State Mineral?
a. It has no color
c. It can’t be used as jewlery
b. It comes in only one color
d. It has too many varieties of color
____ 16. Mineral crystals can form from 2 different ways. What are the two things minerals can form in?
a. Magma and Soil
c. Solutions and Atmosphere
b. Soil and Solutions
d. Magma and Solutions
____ 17. A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____.
a. chemical or organic
c. foliated or nonfoliated
b. intrusive or extrusive
d. basaltic or granite
____ 18. Extrusive, igneous rocks include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. gneiss
c. basalt
b. scoria
d. pumice
____ 19. The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains.
a. tiny
c. fine-grained
b. invisible
d. large
____ 20. When lava cools outside of the earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a. extrusive
c. intrusive
b. metamorphic
d. coarse-grained
____ 21. Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
a. above
c. on
b. below
d. all of the above
____ 22. Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a. magma
b. lava
c. neither a nor b
d. both a and b
____ 23. Foliated rocks are identified by ____.
a. layers
b. lack of layers
c. large mineral grains
d. air holes
____ 24. Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a. extrusive metamorphic
b. extrusive igneous
c. intrusive metamorphic
d. intrusive igneous
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
____ 25. All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
a. exposure to air
c. heat
b. the presence of hot, watery fluids
d. pressure
____ 26. The youngest part of the ocean floor is found ____.
a. along deep sea trenches
b. where ocean sediments are thickest
c. near mid-ocean ridges
d. where Earth’s magnetic field changes polarity
____ 27. Which feature would you find at a divergent boundary
a. two plates sliding past eachother
b. Mt. St. Helens
c. San Andreas Fault
d. Great Rift Valley
____ 28. Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____.
a. Wegener couldn’t explain why or how the continents moved
b. continental landmasses were too big to move slowly over Earth’s surface
c. magnetic and sonar data proved that Wegener’s hypothesis was incorrect
d. mantle convection currents weren’t in motion at that time
____ 29. Compared to ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is ____.
a. younger
c. the same age
b. older
d. magnetically reversed
____ 30. The magnetic pattern of ocean-floor rocks on one side of an ocean ridge is ____.
a. a mirror image of that of the other side
b. younger than on the other side
c. much different from the magnetic pattern found in rocks on land
d. at right angles to the ocean ridge
____ 31. Features found at divergent boundaries include ____.
a. ocean ridges
c. crumpled mountains
b. deep-sea trenches
d. island arc volcanoes
____ 32. Continental-continental plate collisions produce ____.
a. island arcs
c. deep-sea trenches
b. rift valleys
d. very tall mountain ranges
____ 33. Crust is neither destroyed nor formed along which of the following boundaries?
a. convergent
c. transform
b. divergent
d. magnetic
____ 34. A vast, underwater mountain chain is called a(n) _________.
a. deep-sea trench
c. mid-ocean ridge
b. mid-oceanic crust
d. mid-ocean floor sediment
____ 35. _____________ is defined as the study of the history of earth’s magnetic field.
a. paleogeology
c. paleomagnetism
b. ocean topography
d. magnetic symmetry
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
____ 36. What is the longitude of the prime meridian?
a. 0°
b. 90° east
c. 90° west
d. 180°
____ 37. On a topographic map, the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the
____.
a. contour interval
c. depression contour
b. index contour
d. hachure
Use the topographic map to answer the questions.
____ 38. Which represents the greater rise in elevation, point C to point A or point B to point A?
a. point C to point A
b. point B to point A
c. both represent the same rise in elevation
d. neither because both are a drop in
elevation.
____ 39. How much of a rise in elevation exists from point D to point C?
a. 50
c. 100
b. 150
d. 350
____ 40. Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 smaller units called ____.
a. meridians
c. seconds
b. grids
d. minutes
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
____ 41. According to the diagram, which Hawaiian Island is the oldest?
a. Loihi
c. Kauai
b. Hawaii
d. Molokai
____ 42. Where would the most active volcano be located on this diagram?
a. Maui
c. Oahu
b. Kauai
d. Hawaii
____ 43. Types of plutons include ____.
a. shields, cinder-cones, and composites
b. vents, craters, and calderas
c. dust, ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks, and volcanic bombs
d. batholiths, stocks, sills, dikes, and laccoliths
____ 44. What type of eruptions do Shield Volcanoes have?
a. Pyroclastic
c. Felsic
b. Non-pyroclastic
d. Pluton
____ 45. Hawaii can be found at a
a. Subduction Zone
b. Plate Boundary
c. Hot Spot
d. Atlantic Ocean
____ 46. On a map a line of Latitude stretches
a. across from left to right
b. across from top to bottom
c. from bottom to top
d. up and down
____ 47. Bombs, Blocks and ash are the solid particles that come out of the volcano, they can all be classified as
a. Subduction
c. Metamorphic
b. Composite Cone
d. Tephra
____ 48. The San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault.
a. blind
c. strike-slip
b. normal
d. reverse
____ 49. The instrument (piece of equipment) that records vibrations caused by earthquakes is called a
a. seismoburt
c. seismometer
b. seismogram
d. earthquake detector thingamabob
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
____ 50. What type of plate boundary would you find a Reverse Fault
a. Convergent
c. Transform
b. Divergent
____ 51. What type of plate boundary would you find a Strike-Slip Fault
a. Convergent
c. Transform
b. Divergent
____ 52. What type of plate boundary would you find a Normal Fault
a. Convergent
c. Transform
b. Divergent
____ 53. The most destructive seismic waves are ____.
a. primary waves
c. P-waves
b. secondary waves
d. surface waves
____ 54. The ____ waves are the first to reach a seismograph after an earthquake.
a. surface
c. primary
b. secondary
d. tsunami
____ 55. When the force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____.
a. faults
c. strains
b. earthquakes
d. stresses
____ 56. The point inside the earth where faulting starts and is the origin of the earthquake
a. Focus
c. Seismometer
b. Epicenter
____ 57. When magma crystalizes it forms a(n) ____________ rock.
a. Metamorphic
c. Sedimentary
b. Igneous
d. Non-foliated
____ 58. What two things are needed to create a metamorphic rock?
a. Heat and Pressure
c. Fire and water
b. Pressure and Igneous Rocks
d. Melting and Physical weathering
____
59 What is another word that can be used instead of intrusive
a. Foliated
c. Non-foliated
b. Plutonic
d. Volcanic
____ 60. ____ is a fossil fern (plant) that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.
a. Gondwanaland
c. Mesosaurus
b. Kannemeyerid
d. Glossopteris
____ 61. The equator represents 0º longitude. (T/F)
____ 62. All volcanoes form at plate boundaries. (T/F)
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
____ 63. The volcano shown with its long, gentle slopes would best be described as a shield volcano. (T/F)
____ 64. A pluton is an intrusive metamorphic rock body formed from magma. (T/F)
____ 65. The strain which causes a material to pull apart is known as ____.
a. stress
c. tension
b. compression
d. shear
Use the diagram to answer the questions.
____ 66. Which point marks the epicenter of the earthquake?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
____ 67. At which point will the most damage as a result of the earthquake occur?
a. A
c. C
b. B
d. D
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
Use the graph to answer the questions.
____ 68. A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the epicenter of an earthquake. What is the
difference in time between when the P-waves reach the seismogram and the S-waves reach the
seismogram?
a. 5 1/2 minutes
c. 10 minutes
b. 3 minutes
d. 22 minutes
____ 69. P-waves reaches a seismogram 6 minutes after an earthquake occurs and the S-waves arrive 3
and a half minutes later. How far is the seismogram from the earthquakes epicenter?
a. 1000 km
c. 3000 km
b. 2000 km
d. 4000 km
____ 70. A ____ fault forms as a result of compression.
a. blind
c. strike-slip
b. normal
d. reverse
Matching
Match the following steps of an experiment with their order in the scientific method.
a.
b.
c.
d.
first
second
third
fourth
e. fifth
f. sixth
g. seventh
____ 71. communicate the results
____ 72. identify the problem
____ 73. gather information through research/observations
____ 74. testing the hypothesis (Experiment)
____ 75. draw conclusions
____ 76. analyze results
____ 77. develop a hypothesis
Earth Science 307 Final Review Packet
Name __________________
78. Using the following information to create a graph and include all parts of graph.
Favorite Chicago sports teams
 Bears  35 people
 Bulls 20 people
 Blackhawks  10 people
 Cubs  25 people
 White Sox 15 people
 Fire  5 people
Use the terms below to identify the subject that each branch of earth science would study
a. Astronomy
b. Meteorology
c. geology
d. oceanography
e. environmental science
____ 79. Interactions of organisms and their surroundings
____ 80. Materials that make up the Earth
____ 81. Objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere
____ 82. Forces that produce storms and different weather patterns
____ 83. Features and creatures that live in salt water