Download 7. What can we do against marine litter

COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
EU Marine Strategy
Policies and Laws - MARPOL Annex V
Everybody
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive
(MSFD, 2008/56/EC) establishes a
framework within which EU Member
States shall take action to achieve or
maintain good environmental status
(GES) of their marine waters by 2020
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
GES is based on 11 qualitative descriptors
as listed in Annex I of the MSFD.
Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter.
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter (TSG
ML) under the Working Group on GES
TSG ML considers how GES and
environmental targets could be defined
with the aim of preventing further inputs
of litter to, and reducing its total amount
in, the marine environment.
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
TSG ML focuses on:
specification of monitoring methods
through the development of monitoring
protocols for litter in the different marine
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
TSG ML focuses on:
Consideration is given to monitoring
strategies in general and associated costs.
Other priorities include the identification
of sources of marine litter and a better
understanding of the harm caused by
marine litter.
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy Criteria
Criteria 10.1 Characteristics of litter in the
marine and coastal environment
(10.1.1)
trends in the amount of litter washed ashore
and/or deposited on coastlines, including
analysis of its composition, spatial
distribution and, where possible, source
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy Criteria
Criteria 10.1 Characteristics of litter in the
marine and coastal environment
(10.1.2)
trends in the amount of litter in the water
column (including floating at the surface)
and deposited on the sea-floor, including
analysis of its composition, spatial
distribution and, where possible, source
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy Criteria
Criteria 10.1 Characteristics of litter in the
marine and coastal environment
(10.1.3)
trends in the amount, distribution and,
where possible, composition of
microparticles (in particular microplastics)
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy Criteria
Criteria 10.2 Impacts of litter on marine life
(10.2.1)
trends in the amount and composition of
litter ingested by marine animals (e.g.
stomach analysis)
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy Criteria
Criteria 10.2 Impacts of litter on marine life
(10.2.1)
trends in the amount and composition of
litter ingested by marine animals (e.g.
stomach analysis)
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy - Priorities
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
1) evaluation of the behaviour (floatability, density, effects
of wind, biofouling, degradation rates) and factors affecting
the fate of litter (weather, sea state, temperature-driven
variations, slopes, canyons, bays, etc.) and the transport of
litter;
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy - Priorities
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
2) use of comprehensive models to define source and
destination regions of litter (especially accumulation areas,
permanent gyres, deep sea zones), estimate residence
times, consider the average drift times and tran boundary
transport to and from MSFD regions/subregions;
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy - Priorities
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the Implementation
of MSFD Requirements”
4) identification of sources for direct inputs of microparticles of
litter;
5) establishment of the environmental impacts of microliter, in
particular in relation to the potential physical and chemical impacts
on wildlife, resources and the food chain;
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
6) evaluation of biological impacts (on metabolism,
physiology, survival, reproductive performance and
ultimately on populations or communities);
7) evaluation of the risk of the introduction of invasive
non-indigenous species;
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy - Priorities
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
8) study of dose–response relationships in relation to the types
and quantities of marine litter to enable science-based definitions
of threshold levels for GES;
9) evaluation of direct costs of marine litter to the maritime
industry, fishing industry, local authorities and governments and as
impacts on ecosystems goods and services; Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
10) development of automated monitoring systems
(ship-based cameras, microlitter quantification etc.) and
impact indicators (aesthetic impact, effects on human
health, and harm to the environment)
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy - Priorities
“Marine Litter. Technical Recommendations for the
Implementation of MSFD Requirements”
11) optimization of monitoring (standards/baselines,
data management/quality assurance, extension of
monitoring protocols to all MSFD regions/subregions)
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
EU Marine Strategy –Indicators and Impacts
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
MARPOL– Annex V
Dumping of rubbish at sea from ships has
been prohibited under the international
shipping regulation MARPOL Annex V.11
since 1990
A reduction of ship-derived plastic debris
should therefore be expected, even if global
use of plastics continues to increase
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
Actions
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
 “International legislation to prevent ships from polluting the sea
 National law on compulsory use of fishing equipment with
biodegradable parts enabling animals to escape
 EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive
 EU Community Framework for cooperation in the field of accidental
or deliberate Marine Pollution
 Regional sea conventions
 National and Regional actions (ex. retrieval of nets)
 Awareness of citizens
 Education
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
Toward recycling society
Waste hierarchy
• Moving waste management up
the hierarchy
• Order of priorities
• Best environmental outcome
• Life cycle thinking
Prevention
Re-use
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
Challenges for the future
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
• Sustainable Packaging (guidelines for consumers, possible
increase of recycling targets etc)
• Guidelines for the preparation, collection and recovery of
agricultural plastic waste and ultimately provision of targets
for the recycling and recovery of agricultural plastics
• Bioplastics and recycled plastic phased targets (taking into
account design viability, environmental impacts and market
feasibility)
• Research and innovation on the reduction of plastic waste
(guidelines for best available techniques, strengthen ecoRabat, 8-13 september 2014
design etc)
COCONET SUMMER COURSE
“GES & MPAs” Good Environmental Status and Marine
Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and Black Sea
7. What can we do against
marine litter?
Education, Back to long lasting items, Directives (GES),
Rabat, 8-13 september 2014