Download The Crusades 1071-1291

RAP
The Crusades were holy wars between
Christians and Muslims over control of
the holy lands…what is something you
deem worthy of fighting for & why?
The Crusades
1071-1291
Ottoman Threat
Pilgrimage
Squabbling Lords
The Holy Lands
“Come then, with all your people and give battle with
all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall
into the hands of the Turks…Therefore act while there
is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall
vanish from your sight and, what is more important, the
Holy Sepulcher (the tomb where Jesus was buried) shall
vanish. And in your coming you will find your reward in
heaven, and if you do not come, God will condemn you.
—Emperor Alexius Comnenus
The Crusades were carried out by Christian
political and religious leaders to take
control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Key Events of the Crusades
Pope Urban II’s speech (pg. 386)
The capture of Jerusalem
Founding of Crusader states
Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin (pg. 383)
Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders
Key Events
Alexius Comnenus I
(Byzantine Emperor)
appealed to Pope Urban II
for military aid
Pope Urban’s Speech
to mob of peasants
“Dieu le voit!” – God wills it!
First Crusade 1097-1099
Crusader states = Jerusalem,
Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli
Key Events
Post-2nd Crusade 1147-1148
Jerusalem captured by Muslims
Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin
(Muslim leader) 1188
Third
Crusade
Key Events
4th Crusade
Sack of Constantinople by
western Crusaders
The Great Schism
The Church splits over
excommunication
Effects of The Crusades
 Weakened the power and influence of the Pope
and nobles
 Strengthened the
power of the monarchs
 Stimulated trade throughout the Med. & Middle East
Food products
Household goods
New ideas
rice, coffee, dates, apricots, lemons, sugar, spices such as ginger,
melons, rhubarb, etc.
mirrors, carpets, cotton cloth for clothing, ships, compasses, writing
paper, wheelbarrows, mattresses, shawls, etc.
chess, Arabic figures 0 to 9, pain killing drugs, algebra, irrigation,
chemistry, the color scarlet, water wheels, water clocks, etc.
Effects of The Crusades
 Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians,
Jews, and Muslims
 Weakened the Byzantine Empire
 Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire.
 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in
1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.
– Became the capital of the Ottoman Empire
Economic Effects of the Crusades
The Crusades stimulated trade by introducing
Europeans to many desirable products. Trade
promoted frequent contacts with the Byzantine and
Muslim Empires. New economic institutions developed.
Economic Effects of the Crusades
 Increased the demand for Middle Eastern products
 Stimulated production of goods for trade in Middle
Eastern markets (perfumes, oils, minerals, jewels, etc.)
 Encouraged the use of credit and banking
 The Church rule against usury and the banks’
practice of charging interest helped to secularize
northern Italy.
 Letters of credit served to expand the
supply of money and expedite trade
 New accounting and bookkeeping practices
(use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What was the major cause of the Crusades?
A. the conflict between the Muslim Moors and King John
B. the capture of Jerusalem by the Muslims
C. the invasion of Russia by the Mongols
D.
the capture of Mecca by the Christians
2. All of the following are key events of the Crusades
EXCEPT:
A. the capture of Jerusalem
B.
C.
D.
the capture of Mecca
the sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders
the founding of Crusader States
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Which was a result of the Crusades?
A. increased desire for eastern goods
B. strengthened the Pope
C. increased cooperation between Muslims and Christians
D.
weakened European monarchs
4. Which group of people invaded Russia, China, and
Muslim states in southwest Asia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mongols
Huns
Magyars
Vikings
Education was largely confined to the clergy during
the Middle Ages. The masses were uneducated, while
the nobility was concerned with feudal obligations.
Church scholars preserved ancient literature in
monasteries in the East and West.
Church Scholars




Were among the very few who could read and write
Worked in monasteries
Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin
Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and
science available in Europe
 Laid the foundation for the rise of universities in Europe
 Mongol armies invaded Russia, Southwest Asia,
and China thus creating an empire and
destroying cities and countryside.
The Black Death: 1347 – 1665
In the 14th century, the Black Death (Bubonic plague)
decimated the population of much of Asia and then the
population of much of Europe.
Impact of Black Death
 Population declined (1/3 of Europe or 25-30 Million People)
– Resulted in scarcity of labor
 Towns were freed from feudal obligations
 Church influence declined
 Trade was disrupted
Bloodletting
The Plague Doctor
Vinegar
Amulets
Herbs
Drink molten gold