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Transcript
Name: ________________ Partner: _____________________ Date: _____________________ SNC 1D Introduction Investigating Parallel Circuits There are two main types of circuits: series and parallel. In a series circuit, electrons have only one path to follow whereas in parallel circuits, electrons have two or more paths to follow. In a parallel circuit, electrons cannot travel through all paths and therefore must divide up in certain paths. In a series circuit, the energy carried by electrons must be shared among all loads in the same path. As a consequence of these differences, the properties of current and voltage at different points within these circuits will differ. In order to observe these differences, an ammeter and voltmeter must be used. The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of adding a parallel path on current and voltage measurements. Materials: Ammeter Wires Voltmeter 25 resistor Switch Light bulb Power source Methods: *SAFETY CONCERNS*: 1. Make sure the switch is open before you connect the meters 2. Never raise the voltage above 10V Method – Part A – Series circuit 1. Connect a series circuit. Start at the negative terminal and add on the components in the following order: power source set to 10 V, open switch, bulb, resistor. 2. Turn on the source and close the switch. Record the current (IT) in observation Table 1. 3. Connect the voltmeter across the bulb (red to red, black to black) while the light is on and record the voltage in Table 1 (V1). 4. Connect the voltmeter across the resistor while the circuit is on and record the voltage in Table 1 (V2). Open the switch. Method – Part B – Parallel circuit 1. Remove the resistor from the series circuit keeping the rest of the circuit intact. Using extra wires connect the resistor in parallel to the bulb. 2. Turn on the source and close the switch. Make an observation regarding the brightness of the bulb compared to when it was connected in series with the resistor. Record this below in “Qualitative observations”. 3. Record the current (IT) in observation Table 1. 4. Connect the voltmeter across the bulb while the light is on and record the voltage in Table 1 (V1). 5. Connect the voltmeter across the resistor while the circuit is on and record the voltage in Table 1 (V2). Open the switch. 6. Remove the ammeter from the main branch and insert it into branch 1 (bulb branch). You may need extra wires to do this. 7. Close the switch and record the current of branch 1 (I1). 8. Remove the ammeter from the branch 1 and insert it into branch 2 (resistor branch). You may need extra wires to do this. 9. Close the switch and record the current of branch 2 (I2). 10. Put all the components back in place and return them to where you obtained them. Quantitative Observations: (Write a title that describes what is in the table, see next page) 1 Table 1: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Measurement Series Circuit Parallel Circuit IT (A) I1 (A) (bulb branch) I2 (A) (resistor branch) V1 (V) (bulb) V2 (V) (resistor) Qualitative Observations: Answer the following questions using full sentences and don’t explain why here! PART B 1. What did you notice about the brightness of the bulb when it was connected in series compared to when it was connected in parallel with the resistor? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Discussion Answer these questions in several paragraphs (at least one per question). Be as specific as possible in your explanations!! 1. Explain your qualitative observation of the light bulb’s brightness between the two circuits. Consider the measurements you recorded for each circuit. 2. Using your quantitative values in Table 1, make a conclusion regarding the voltages of the source (10 V), bulb (V1) and resistor (V2) in the series circuit. Describe the mathematical relationship between these three values. Explain why this occurred. 3. Draw the same conclusions and explanations of the above question (regarding voltage) for the parallel circuit. 4. Using your quantitative values in Table 1, make a conclusion regarding the current of the source (IT), bulb (I1) and resistor (I2) in the parallel circuit. Describe the mathematical relationship between these three values. Explain why this occurred by considering the resistance of the bulb and resistor. 5. Compare the current coming out of the power source (IT) for the series and parallel circuit. Explain your observations. 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________(Continue on lined paper) SNC 1D - Parallel Lab Marking Scheme Sections Level 1 Minimal requirements are met Level 2 Some of the requirements are met Level 3 Most of the requirements are met Level 4 All of the requirements are met Weight Inquiry Qualitative observation made is clear and detailed 1x Discussion Qualitative observation from PART B is explained fully Discussion Conclusions and explanation regarding the voltages in the series circuit are accurate and detailed Discussion Conclusions and explanation regarding the voltages in the parallel circuit are accurate and detailed Discussion Conclusions and explanation regarding the current in the parallel circuit are accurate and detailed Discussion Conclusions and explanation regarding the current in the series and parallel circuits are accurate and detailed 2x 2x 2x 2x 2x /44 Overall Inquiry Communication 2x Data Table 1 Detailed title is given. All values are included and are clearly written. Spelling and grammar (used full sentences) 1x /12 Overall Inquiry 4
