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An introduction to: WDM for IP/MPLS service provider networks Anders Enström Product Manager Transmode Systems Agenda Basic WDM overview CWDM & DWDM Optical Amplifiers WDM vs traditional fiber networks Transponders & Muxponders Flexible Optical Networks Packet optical networks Objective Obtain a basic understanding of WDM technology and how it is used in networks WDM Basics Optical Transmission 100100111001... Transmitter Receiver 100100111001... Optical fiber Optical transmission is the conversion of a digital stream of information to light pulses The light pulses are generated by a laser source and transmitted over an optical fiber The receiver converts the light pulses back to digital information Wavelength Division Multiplexing Receiver Transmitter Transmitter Optical fiber Receiver Transmitter Receiver Transmitter Receiver Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is based on the fact that Optical Fibers can carry more than one wavelength at the same time The lasers are transmitting the light pulses at different wavelengths that are combined via filters to one single output fiber Wavelength spectrum & attenation Fiber Optical fibers have different Attenuation values over the wavelength spectrum for lasers Attenuation limits the reach of the optical pulses by reducing the optical power Best attenuation (0.25dB/km) is around 1550 – 1610 nm CWDM & DWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing CWDM utilizes wavelengths from 1270 nm to 1610 nm Maximum 16 wavelength channels per fiber The bandwidth and spacing of the wavelengths allows for cheaper laser and filter technology compared to DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing CWDM Outside DWDM-band DWDM C-band DWDM L-band The DWDM spectrums have more narrow bandwidth and spacing compared to CWDM Increases total number of channels (typically 80) but lasers and filter components are in general more expensive The ”C-band” is the most used due to the availability of Optical Amplifiers Summary CWDM & DWDM The choice between CWDM & DWDM is typically based on: Distance to bridge Number of channels needed Data rates used Flexibility and expansion In general, CWDM is a cheaper technology more suitable for smaller aggregation networks in metro or access, for data rates up to 10G and reach up to 100km per span DWDM is a slightly more expensive technology suitable for larger backhaul networks with complex traffic matrix and higher capacity, with data rates up to 100G and reach up to 3000 km Optical Amplifiers Optical Amplifiers MDU MDU OA 100km 100km Without amplifiers the reach is limited to 80-100km before electrical regeneration Optical amplifiers boosts the attenuated wavelengths and are more cost efficient than electrical repeaters Amplifier stations typically each 80-100km Depending on signal types and fiber characteristics, Amplified DWDM reaches typically up to 1500 km Optical networks with amplifiers OK up to 80km SDH SDH What if the link is 240km? 80km SDH SDH 80km 80km SDH SDH What if you have optical amplifiers? 80km SDH OA 80km OA 80km SDH What if you want more channels? SDH SDH SDH SDH MDU 80km 80km OA 80km SDH MDU SDH SDH SDH 14 OA Restricted Summary Amplified networks Amplifiers are used in DWDM networks and increases the reach of the optical signals up to 3000 km Amplifiers are a better choice than electrical repeaters and are usually distributed each 80-100 km Amplifiers and DWDM filters are the two basic building blocks for a powerful DWDM network WDM vs traditional fiber networks Dark fiber vs passive and active WDM Dark fiber solution + low cost interfaces + no cost for passive equipment - high cost for fiber rental (one service per fiber) - long provisioning times - less flexibility in the optical layer - short reach Passive WDM solution + no transponder cost + low cost for fiber rental + short provisioning times - only possible for short distance - no management or performance monitoring TP TP TP TP 17 Restricted Active WDM solution - transponder cost + low cost for fiber rental + short provisioning times + transponders and client equipment could be in different locations + management or performance monitoring + aggregating services in muxponders for better wavelength utilisation + advanced networking functions, e.g. Protection, FEC, ROADM Traditional networks (ring example) Cascaded nodes leads to complex redundancy schemes Different services (Ethernet, SDH) requires separate fibers or complex and expensive equipment (Pseudowire, Ethernet over SDH) Same type of equipment and uplink interface in all nodes Shared resources per fiber for all nodes WDM aggregation (ring example) Redundancy per individual channel Dedicated resources per node – no sharing! Easy mixing of service types (SDH, Ethernet, SAN etc.) per node Transponders & Muxponders Transponders & Muxponders WDM Node Transponder SDH/ SONET ʎ1 ʎ1 ʎ2 ʎ3 ʎ2 IP Router1 WDM link IP Router2 Muxponder SDH/ SONET ʎ3 Mux/Demux Transponder WDM wavelength Client side Digital Wrapper Client signal Transponder Client side Line side l TP Generates the WDM wavelength Client system Client system ʎ TP Line fiber MDU TP MDU Line side framing enables performance monitoring, management channels and increased reach with FEC Muxponder WDM wavelength Client side Digital Wrapper Client signals Muxponder Client side Line side MX SDH FC l P Ethernet Generates the WDM wavelength Client systems Client systems ʎ MX Line fiber P MDU PX MDU Line side framing enables performance monitoring, management channels and increased reach with FEC M Summary Transponders & Muxponders Transponders and Muxponders provides wavelength conversion from client to WDM signal A Transponder maps a single client to a single WDM wavelength A Muxponder multiplexes several lower speed client signals to a higher speed WDM wavelength, thus increasing the network capacity The digital framing of a line signal from a Transponder or Muxponder provides service monitoring, management connectivity and increased reach The broad range of available Transponders & Muxponders enables cost efficient solutions for both CWDM & DWDM Flexible Optical Networks ROADM networks ROADM – Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer • Used for increased flexibility in the optical paths • Services can be redirected upon failure or capacity constraints • Capacity can be increased dynamically per node Basic ROADM principles λ λ ROADM ROADM Mux Mux Flexible Optical Network – Key Components Multidegree ROADM 8D ROADM 8D ROADM λ λ ROADM 4D ROADM Enables dynamic switching of services and reconfiguration of capacity in the network ROADM 2-D ROADM λ ROADM 8D ROADM 8D ROADM Enables scalable growth of allocated capacity per add/drop node 2D ROADM λ λ λ ROADM ROADM ROADM Colorless MDU MDU Enables scalability and ”lambda-free” planning and installation TP Tunable laser 28 Limited Enables dynamic reconfiguration of services down to the wavelength Summary Flexible Optical Networks ROADM’s provide more flexibility compared to fixed filters A wavelength can be redirected to another path if necessary Capacity planning becomes easier with dynamic expansion of add-drop wavelengths Remote software control – no site visits required Using ROADM’s, colorless filters and tunable lasers provides extensive flexibility Efficient reuse of deployed investments Packet-Optical Transport Overview Layer 1 Transport Packet Optical Transport Layer 1 Transport Most suitable for: Carrier internal infrastructure Wholesale services Characteristics: Point-to-point, fixed speed 100% transparent (what goes in goes out) No service priority separation IP Provider Edge Router ~200M each 3 x1G 1G 10G 10G 10G S 5G 200M 10G 1G Service = client interface Wavelengths or sub-channels for each service Packet-Optical Transport Most suitable for: Business Ethernet services (E-Line, E-LAN, …) IP access network Video distribuiton Characteristics: Per-service routing, including multipoint Aggregation and QOS separation of services Flexible service rates Mobile Packet Core 1+1+1G IP Provider Edge Router ~200M each 3 x1G a,b,c 10G 10G S 5G 10G d,e d e a,b,c 1G 200M 1G Service definition not tied to interface speed Services prioritized and aggregated within network 31 Confidential Mobile Packet Core Native Packet Optical 2.0 for core agnostic service delivery MPLS-TP over Ethernet Native Ethernet Packet over OTU MPLS (LSRs LERs) L2 Services E-Line E-LAN E-Tree E-Access Cisco Juniper Alcatel Ericsson IP Router Ethernet (SVLAN, ERPS, …) Mobile SGW OTN (switching grooming) Core network agnostic 32 L3 Services Internet L3VPN IPTV Confidential λ ROADM WDM foundation Flexible Optical Networks Mobile services 3G LTE Transmode L2 Solutions EMXP EDU Carrier Ethernet Services L2 Packet Transport NID Flexible ROADMbased WDM iSFP-TDM 33 Confidential Summary Summary WDM technology will increase the ability to scale a network with more capacity without using more fibers CWDM for smaller aggregation networks DWDM for larger and more flexible networks Flexible optical networks will enhance your network growth and reduce opex ROADM based networks superior in scalability and flexibility Integrated L2 functionality will give you the ability to sell advanced services directly over the fiber network and reduce the cost of routers and switches MPLS-TP and CE2.0 services on a wavelength Thank you!