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The Rise of Islam (pages 304-309) Origins of Islam/Muhammad as Prophet The religion of Islam emerged on the ______________________________ peninsula. __________________________ was born in the town of Mecca around 570 CE. At the time, many Arabs came to pray at the Kaaba, a temple that housed pagan gods and goddesses. Muhammad worked as a shepherd among the ______________________, nomadic herders who moved their animals through the desert. When he was about 40 years old, he heard the angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God. His wife Khadija, encouraged him to “submit to God,” an Arabic phrase meaning _____________. Muhammad devoted his life to spreading Islam and urged Arabs to submit to _________________, the one true God. In 622, Muhammad was threatened with murder by Arab merchants because of his rejection of traditional gods. He and his followers traveled to Yathrib, which was renamed _________________________, or “City of the Prophet.” This journey (hijra) was a turning point when converts became a community of united, peaceful Muslims called ______________. Eventually, Muhammad returned to ___________________ (630) and rededicated the Kaaba to __________________ instead of the pagan gods. Teaching of Islam/The Five Pillars The _______________________ (sacred text of Islam) teaches that God is all-powerful and compassionate and has sent prophets (Abraham, Moses, Jesus). However, the last and greatest prophet is _____________________________, who revealed the sacred word of God, written in the _______________________ language in the Quran. The Quran teaches about God’s will and provides a guide to life. It includes ethical standards, harsh penalties and a final ___________________________ day. All observant Muslims must perform 5 basic duties known as the Five __________________________________. The 1st is to make a declaration of ________________ (Shahadah). The 2nd (Salah) is to pray five times a day facing ____________________; most times in a Muslim house of worship called a ____________________. The 3rd pillar (Zakat) is to give ______________________ to the poor, and the 4th is to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of __________________________ (Sawm). The _________________, or pilgrimage to Mecca, is the 5th pillar. Another personal duty is ___________________ or struggle in God’s service. While this may also be interpreted as a holy war, it may only be declared by a community, not a small group or individual. Islam: A Way of Life/The Quran Islam is both a religion and way of life. Muslim scholars developed ___________________, a body of law that interprets the _______________________, provides examples of behavior of ____________________________’s life and focuses on Muslim traditions. Sharia Law applies ________________________ principles to all legal situations and regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices and _________________________. Before Islam, Arab women had limited rights, could not inherit ______________________, and had to obey a _________________ guardian. Islam extended rights to women, affirmed the _______________________ equality of all Muslims and encouraged education for both men and women. However, under Islam, men and women had different roles and rights. Women inherited less than men, had a more difficult time getting a ____________________, were expected to ________________ themselves in public and were ___________________________ in a separate part of the home.