Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Geography of Italy and the Rise of Rome Geography of Italy • Located at 42° 50’ N, 12° 50’ E • Europe • Boot-shaped peninsula • Slightly larger than the state of Arizona • Only about ¼ of the land is arable (able to be used for farming) Seas Around Italy • Mediterranean Sea – the largest inland sea – between Europe, Africa, and Asia • Adriatic Sea – between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula • Ionian Sea – between Southern Italy (by heel of boot) and Greece • Tyrrhenian Sea – between Italy and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily • Ligurian Sea – between Northwest coast of Italy and the island of Corsica Neighboring Islands • Corsica – southeast of France, north of Sardinia, and west of Italy – Birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte • Sardinia – settled by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians before the sixth century B.C. – taken by Rome in 238 B.C. • Sicily – the “football” that the boot of Italy appears to be kicking – separated from the Italian mainland by the narrow Strait of Messina – largest Mediterranean island Major Rivers • Po River – flows from the Alps near the French border, through Turin, and eastward into the Adriatic Sea • Tiber River – flows from the northcentral Apennines, south through Rome, and into the Tyrrhenian Sea Mountain Ranges • Alps – located along the north of Italy, along modern-day border with France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia • Apennines – run through the center of Italy Climate • Mild, “Mediterranean” climate – Warm, dry summers – Mild, rainy winters • The far north is cold and mountainous; the south is rugged, hot and dry • Similar to Greece • Good for growing grapes, olives, and wheat People of Ancient Italy • Etruscans lived mostly in northern and westcentral Italy • Latins lived along the Tiber River. Founded the city of Rome Etruscans • Heavily traded with the Greeks and the Phoenicians – Etruscans sent lumber, furs, and probably slaves to the East – They bought jewelry, spices, perfume, and Greek vases from the East Etruscans • Lived mostly in northern and west-central Italy, from the Po Valley to the Tiber River • Their region was known as Tuscany • stone walls • stone temples • canals and ditches to irrigate crops • Monarchy with powerful rulers Latins • Aeneas, hero of Virgil’s Aeneid – According to legend…. • Trojan War hero • After the war, he traveled to Italy • Made an alliance with the Latin tribe • Helped them conquer much of Italy • His family ruled Italy for centuries Geography of Rome • West central Italy • On the banks of the Tiber River • Seven Hills – – – – – – – Quirinal (Quirinalis) Viminal (Viminalis) Esquiline (Espuiliae) Caelian (Caelius) Aventine (Aventinus) Palatine (Palatium) Capitoline (Capitolium) • Queen Victoria Eyes Caesar's Awfully Painful Corns Founding of Rome • Romulus and Remus – – – – Descendents of Aeneas Raised by a wolf !?!? Leaders of a Latin clan 753 BC • Established a new settlement on the Palatine Hill along the Tiber River • Named “Rome” after Romulus • Read about the founding of Rome at http://www.freewalt.com/socialstudies/history/wor ld/grecoroman/romans/romulusremus.htm Latins vs. Etruscans • In early 600’s BC, the Etruscans conquered Rome • They brutally ruled for over 100 years • The Latins (the people of Rome) rebelled • According to legend, the last Etruscan ruler, Tarquin the Proud, was expelled in 509 BC Latins • Latins expelled the Etruscans • Regained control of Rome • Vowed to never again have kings rule over them • Established the Roman Republic in 509 BC – Got the idea for a republic from the Greeks – Plato’s book “Republic”