Download Ch. 17.1-17.2: War Changes Society

Ch. 17.1-17.2: War Changes Society
Essential Question
How does the Civil War change the lives of people in the
North and South?
Focus on differences in each region!
Q1: Calls for Emancipation
• Abolitionists continue to urge Lincoln to emancipate (free)
slaves
• Lincoln did not believe he had power under Constitution to
abolish slavery where it already existed
• Also afraid of angering 4 slave states still in Union
FOR YOUR INFORMATION:
• Although Lincoln
disliked slavery,
his first priority
was to preserve
the Union.
• By summer of
1862 Lincoln
finally decides in
favor of
emancipation
Lincoln’s Opinion
“If I could save the Union without
freeing any slave I would do it. If
I could save it by freeing all the
slaves I would do it; and if I could
save it by freeing some and
leaving others alone, I would do
that also.”
Q2: Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863 Lincoln
issues Emancipation
Proclamation
• Document freed all slaves in
Confederate territory
• In reality, freed very few
slaves as it was difficult for
Union troops to enforce law
in Confederate territory
• Was important symbolic
measure, making Civil War
about liberation for North
instead of preserving Union
Q3: Why Only Southern Slaves?
• Freeing Southern slaves
weakened rebelling states in
Confederacy, so it could be
seen as a military tactic
• As commander-in-chief
Lincoln has this authority
• Constitution did not give him
power to free slaves in Union
– however Lincoln asked
Congress to abolish it
gradually throughout land
Q4: African-American Soldiers
• Emancipation Proclamation
also stated blacks now allowed
to fight for Union
• By war’s end 180,000 black
soldiers served in Union Army
• Organized in all-black
regiments led by white officers
• Given worst jobs/positions and
paid less than whites
• If captured usual shot or
returned to slavery instead of
being taken prisoner
African-American Recruiting Poster
FOR YOUR INFORMATION:
54th Massachusetts
• Black regiment insisted on no pay
• 2 sons of Frederick Douglass served in regiment
• July 1863 led attack on Fort Wagner making 54th household
name in North and increasing African – American
enlistment
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
FOR YOUR INFORMATION:
War Wears on Public
NORTH (UNION)
• “Copperheads” form –
Lincoln’s main opponents, N
Democrats wanted peace
with S
SOUTH (CONFEDERACY)
• Growing weary of war and
its sacrifices
• By end of 1863 army lost
40% of men
• Confederate states fell into
disagreement
• States’ rights hurting them
from coordinating war
effort
FOR YOUR INFORMATION: More
South (Confederacy)
• Started drafting soldiers in
spring 1862
• Wealthy could hire
substitute to serve in their
place (1863 = $6,000)
• Southerners complained –
“This is a rich man’s war,
but a poor man’s fight”
Men Needed
North (Union)
• Draft started in March 1863
• Allowed substitutes
• Offered $300 payment for
volunteering as result only small
% of men needed to be drafted
Q5: Economic Effects of War
• Food shortages common in South
• Inflation especially in South - Over
course of war prices rose 9,000% in
South
• War production helped North
industry and economy – giving
advantage over South
• In 1861 first income tax established
and new currency called
“greenbacks” issued – helping Union
Q6: Women Aid War Effort
• Women began doing
traditional jobs of men, as
men away fighting
• 1000’s of women served on
front lines as nurses
• Relief agencies started
washing clothes, cooking, and
gathering supplies for soldiers
• Women spies used by N and S
Famous nurse, after war
began the American
Red Cross
Q7: Civil War Prison Camps
• Captured soldiers often sent to War
Camps
• Horrible conditions, men died of
disease, starvation and exposure to
weather
• Over-crowded – GA had camp meant
to hold 10,000 men but held 33,000
at one point
• Drinking water same as water serving
as sewers
• Approx. 50,000 men died in war
camps over course of war
Summary
• Write a 3-6 sentence summary answering the
EQ questions.
• Remember the EQ:
How does the Civil War change the livesof
people in the North and South?
Focus on differences in each region!