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Chapter 12.1: 2 Golden Ages of China Tang and Song Dynasties Vocab Gentry 1 pagoda 1 Kublai Khan 2 archipelago 4 Tsunami 4 dowry 1 Marco Polo 2 Steppe 2 Bushido 4 Samurai 4 Objective: Tang, Song Dynasty’s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How the Tang (tahng) Dynasty reunified China. Contributions of the Tang, Song (sung) Dynasty’s. The Chinese influence in the regions. The status of women. The extreme orderliness of Chinese society. Communism is a perfect fit there today. 6. Little feet are not attractive. 7. Why? China is a world power and nd has contributed to world knowledge: inventions, philosophy Focus Q: Jan. 4 • Read the top of page 370 • Describe 4 examples of the technology from the Tang and Song Dynasty’s. FQ: Dec. 18 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What do you know about China? What continent is China on? What countries are near China? Large cities? What do you know about Chinese culture? 6. Chinese inventions? • • • • • Main wall 2145 + 1770 miles long Not 1 wall; 31,070 miles (all walls) Needed for protection began in 260 B.C. Most of what remains is from Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 1 of 5 communist countries Demand conformity Fewer individual rights Bravo, Tank Man! Saltpeter Sulfur = gunpower charcoal China’s Provinces Geography? Beijing Highlights of Tang and Song Dynasties 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Develop smallpox vaccine Most useful? Invent spinning wheel Use arches for bridges Invent gunpowder—used in fireworks 1st First to use a cannon Invent sunglasses Magnetic compass Highlights of Tang and Song Dynasties 8. Small bombs, grenades, cannons 9. Discovered the cause of diabetes Tang (tahng) Dynasty (618 to 907 A.D.) 1. 1st Tang emperor—Li Yuan 2. Son, Tang Taizong, becomes China’s most admired emperor 3. Conqueror parts of Central Asia 4. ***make Tibet, Korea, Vietnam tributary states*** –Had to acknowledge China’s supremacy and send tribute What country? Tibet Tang Dynasty: govt grows • Restored the Han system of uniform govt throughout China 1. Rebuilt bureaucracy, enlarged civil service system 2. Schools to train men to take CS exams 3. Flexible new law code Tang Dynasty: economy grows ***Make land reforms which strengthens central govt*** 1. Take land (power) from large landowners, redistribute to peasants 2. Weakens large landowners 3. Increase revenue—peasants pay taxes Who benefits the most? Why? = (China) Tang Dynasty Declines 1. Lose territory in Central Asia to Arabs Corruption, high taxes Drought, famine, rebellions Song (sung) Dynasty 1. Economy expands b/c of improved farming methods, open border policy 2. Open border allowed new types of rice to be imported from SE Asia 3. Grow 2 crops/year—rice and a cash crop ***New farming methods create food surplus*** others can pursue arts, learning, trade Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song China’s Ordered Society ***2 main social classes were peasants and the gentry*** 1. Gentry 2. Peasants 3. Merchants Any questions? Comments? Gentry 1. Scholars, govt officials came from this wealthy landowning class 2. 3. Could afford years of study for very difficult civil service exams Value learning over physical labor 4. Support Confucian thinking –Social order should be based on rank, duty, proper behavior Peasants 1. 2. 3. 4. Most Chinese were peasants—poor farmers Live in small, self-sufficient villages Rely on each other, not govt Could move up w/education and govt service 5. Slaves could not move up Merchants 1. Have lower status than peasants b/c their wealth comes from the labor of others 2. How does that compare to Muslim merchants? Why? Status of Women 1. Women have higher status than later 2. Wu Zhao—only female empress ***married women often manage servants and family finances*** 3. Boys still valued more than women Status of Women Marriage 1. Become part of husband’s family 2. Couldn’t keep her dowry: ***Payment woman brings to marriage*** 3. Could never remarry 4. Foot binding—symbol of nobility, beauty – Extremely painful, many couldn’t walk w/o help • What group didn’t get feet bound? Chinese Architecture ***Pagoda: multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corners*** China as % of World Population Top 10 Populated Nations 0 500 1000 Millions 0 1500 China India India China US US Indonesia Pakistan Brazil Indonesia Russia Nigeria Pakistan Bangladesh Bangladesh Brazil Japan Congo Nigeria Ethiopia 2001 500 2050 1000 1500 The Population of China 1600 thousands 2050 1400 2000 1995 1200 1000 1981 800 1970 600 1953 1949 1851 1911 18121887 400 200 0 2 105 0 755 500 1210 1083 1000 1381 1562 1650 1500 1753 2000 The Great Wall of China China vs. the U. S. in Size China 0 250 500 1,000 1,500 Miles 2,000 United States SOURCE: Topic 5: “The Awakening Giant” by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University. Comparing China & the U. S. China United States Size 3.7 million square miles 3.6 million square miles Main physical barrier Himalayas Rockies Main River Yangtze / East West Mississippi / North – South Population East Coast East Coast Connectivity problems North - South East - West China—Asia’s Superpower Bodies of Water Sea of Japan Pacific Ocean South China Sea Deserts & Plateaus Gobi Desert Taklamakan Desert Tibetan Plateau Countries & Regions Russia Mongolia N. Korea S> Korea Tibet Indian Subcontinent Taiwan Southeast Asia Philippines Japan Cities Harbin BEIJING Lhasa Nanjing Shanghai Xi’an Taipei Guangzhou Macao Hong Kong Pacific “Rim of Fire” Creative side—foot binding • Write a poem about foot binding that describes the experience from a women’s point of view. • Consider: social attitudes towards this practice the pain that women experienced