Download external/ internal intercostals and the diaghragm

Respiratory System
Pulmonary Ventalation
Muscles required: external/ internal intercostals and the diaghragm
(Barbaque intercostals)
Process: Inhale (inspiration)
plural
external intercostals and diaghram contraction creates a larger space in the
cavities.
1) When the diaghragm contracts it pushes down and your abdoman pushes
out. This effect causes air ro be pulled into you lungs.
2) When the external intercostals contract it raises your rib cage. This also
causes air to be pulled into the lungs.
Process: Exhale (expiration) - Relax the external intercostals and diaghragm
Internal intercostals are only used when you force air out of your lungs beyond the
normal!
excersizing !!!
External Respiration
Process: of exchanging gases between the Alveoli (AL-V-LI) of the lung (air sacs) and
the
blood. Oxygen leaves the alveoli lung membrane diffuse into the capillary
and
attach to the hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin. While carbon dioxide leaves
the
capillary and enters the alveoli.
Interrnal Respiration
Process: Oxygen leaves the arterial blood capillary and enters the body cell and the
carbondioxide leaves the cell diffuses into the venial blood capillary. This process
happens constantly all over the body.
Cellular Respiration
This process takes place inside every cell of your body. Oxygen is used in the cells
mitochondra to produce ATP.
Look at Page 387
This is a midsagittal cut through the throat area!
To do a tracing of this system you would start at :
1) External Nares (Nostrals) (ciliated columnar epthelium)
2) Nasal Cavity (warm, filter air) (tonsals- lymphatic system)
3) Nasopharynx (throat)
4) Oropharynx
5) Laryngopharynx (lar-in-geo-pharx) (By the epiglottis)
6) past the vocal folds (18)
7) larynx (voice box) - you need cartilage so the larynx does not collapse when you
inhale
a) Thyroid cartilage “adams apple”(7)
b) Cricoid Cartilage (12)
8) Trachea (ciliated columnar epithelium cells) (Start of the respiratory Tree!!!) 3/4 inch
dia
a) tracheal cartilage (C - shaped) With esphagus behind it
b) trachealis muscle and Swallowing
Figure 13.4 page 390
9) Primary bronchus or bronchi = Right (22) Left (23) (ciliated columnar epithelium cells)
10) secondary bronchus = one for each lobe of the lungs
a) right has 3 lobes
b) left has 2 lobes (heart)
11) tertiary bronchi - 20 total
12) bronchiole - 16 divisions
1
Start With 20 tertiary bronchi = 40
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
40 = 80
80 = 160
160=320
320=640
640=1280
1280=2560
2560=5120
5120=10240
10240=20480
20480=40960
40960=81,920
81,920=163,840
163,840=327,680
327,680=655,360
655,360=1,310,720
13) Aveolar Duct (tube)
14) Alveolar Sac (round)
15) Alveoli
(terminal bronchiole = no gas exchange)
(air slows) (Respiratory bronchiole) gas exchange