Download Diplomatic/Military Role of the United States and Canada in WWII

Diplomatic/Military Role of
the United States and
Canada in WWII
Mitasha Sujan
Nikita Mainaly
Shay Fajardo
United States: Diplomatic Role
•
After WWI
o Refused to join League of
Nations
o Still took part in world affairs
 Dawes Plan (1924):
Rescheduled German
reparations, loaned money
to Germany
Led to Great
Depression (1929)
 Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928):
Pledge to foreswear war as
an instrument of national
policy
 Johnson Debt-Default Act
(1934): No loans to debtdodging nations
In response to Great
Depression
•
•
OPVL Time! Woo!
United States: Diplomatic Role
•
Prior to US Entrance into WWII
o US wanted to avoid acts of aggression
(isolationism)
 Least amount of public support out
of any war
 Neutrality Acts (1935-1937)
• 1935: Placed embargo on
trading war materials with
belligerents
• 1936: Forbade all loans/credit
to belligerents
• 1937: No Americans on
belligerent ships, no
transporting passengers to
belligerents
 Remained neutral during first two
years of war
OPVL Time Again! Awesome!
United States: Diplomatic Role
o Slowly begin involvement
 Embargo on Japan (1937): no more oil,
airplane fuel, or war materials
Response to Rape of Nanking
Led to negotiations in 1941
o
Japan unwilling to give up its
aggressive ways in the Pacific +
United States unwilling to forget
Japan's militaristic acts = stalemate
 Neutrality Act (1939): European democracies
can buy American war materials on a "cash
and carry" basis
 Destroyers for Bases Deal (1940): transfers 50
old destroyers to Britain in exchange for 8
valuable bases
 Lend-Lease Bill (1941): Allies can
lease/borrow American munitions; $50.1 billion
in aid
•
•
United States: Diplomatic Role
•
US Entrance into WWII
o Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) leads to US declaration of
war
o 3 days later Germany and Italy declare war on US
 ABC-1 Agreement: US and UK decided to "get Germany first"
o Increase trade with Britain; provide Allies with more war materials
Just enjoy this one :)
United
States: Diplomatic Role
o
o
Conferences:

Tehran (1943): plan final
strategy to defeat Nazi
Germany and Allies
First meeting of the
“Big Three”: Churchill,
Roosevelt, Stalin
•

Yalta (1945): final plans for
Germany, post-war Europe
plans, set United Nations
conference date

Potsdam (1945):
unconditional surrender for
Japan, Potsdam agreement
on Germany
• Military occupation and
reconstruction of
Germany
United States: Military Role
US Response Entering the War
•
•
Pacific Wars
 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor(1941)
• Led US to join World War 2 and declare war on Japan
• Japan attacks many Eastern bastions
Battle of Midway
o Japan tries to seize Midway Island
 US realizes Japan's plan and directed a carrier force against
the invading fleet
 following the victory at Midway, the US was able to seize the
initiative in the Pacific
United States: Military Role
•
Military Tactics
o
"Island Hopping" (leapfrogging"):
moving from island to island to
capture key positions

Allies had used submarines
and air attacks to isolate
Japanese bases
o
shifted military strategy from getting
Germany to attacking Japan
o
War Production Board orchestrated
American factories to focus heavily
on mass production of weapons
o

machine guns, tanks, rifles
etc.

allowed women to work
Armed services enlisted millions of
men and thousands of women
United States: Military Role
o
o
Italian Campaign
 Invasion of Sicily
• Planned by Allied Forces Headquarters(AFHQ)
• Allies took Sicily from the Axis powers
 Allied Invasion of Italy
• Allies landed on the mainland Italy
• Churchill felt the Allies should invade Italy because it was
declining in popular support
 Allied advance to Rome
• Four battles fought between the Allies against Germany and
Italy
 Allied advance into Northern Italy
• Allied attack by Fifth US Army and British Army into the
Lombardy plain
o
ended with surrender of German forces in Italy
No campaign in Europe cost as much as the Italian campaigns
United States: Military Role
•
D-Day(1944)
o Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin met to plan Soviet attacks on
Germany
o Allies decided to invade Normandy
o Blocked German reinforcement by crippling railroads and
worsening German's fuel shortages by bombing gasolineproducing plants
o first German city(Aachen) fell to the Americans
End of War
•
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki(1945)
o Manhattan Project: American plan to make atomic bombs
o First atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
o Second atomic bomb dropped two days later on Nagasaki
Canada: Military Role
•
Beginning of War
o Declared war on September 10, 1939- 10 days
after German attack on Poland
 At first practiced limited effort in the war and
rejected conscription for overseas service
 After Hitler's victories in France and Belgium,
the armed forces were enlarged, conscription
was introduced in 1940 for home defense
(National Resources Mobilization Act) and
expenditure grew
o Expansion of the Army
 5 divisions overseas
 First Canadian Army in England under
Lieutenant-General McNaughton
Canada: Military Role
•
Canadians at Hong-Kong 1941
o After Pearl Harbor, Canada declared war
on Japan
o Japan wanted to take over Hong-Kong, an
important British colony, and Canada was
stationed there to defend against
Japanese attack
o Japan attacked Canadian troops with
heavy artillery, airplanes and grenades and
Canadians surrendered after 17 days of
fighting
o lost 290 soldiers and commander
o Survivors were sent to Japanese Prison
Camps where they were used as slave
labor in coal and iron mines
Canada: Military Role
•
•
The Dieppe Raid, 1942
o
Canadian troops landed on Dieppe planning to
surprise the troops but Germans ready for
attack
o
Raid was a disaster and 1000 troops died and
2000 were taken as prisoner
The Italian Campaign, 1943
o
Germany occupied Italy after Mussolini fell
o
First Canadian infantry division was part of the
British Eighth Army as they advanced in the
mainland of Italy, seeing severe fighting in and
around Ortona
o
Canada played a major role in pushing
Germans back to Ortona and by 1943
Germany was forced to retreat.
o
76000 Canadian soldiers fought in Italy and
played a major role in the campaign's success
Canada: Military Role
•
•
Engagement in the Air Campaign
o Canada served in the British Royal Air
Force
o RCAF overseas squadrons were virtually
completely manned by Canadian officers
and men
o Canadian airmen served in every theatre in
the UK, North Africa, Italy, Northwest
Europe and Southwest Asia
The Naval War
o started small but expanded during the war
with 471 fighting vessels
o primary task was to protect troops and
supply ships across the Atlantic
o fought battles with German U Boats
Canada: Military Role
•
Industry
o Department Munitions and Supply gave the
minister complete control of industry
o Crown Operations built for new factoring
developing war materials
o Construction of military vehicles (815, 729
made) and tanks (imported to US)
o More than half the materials produced went
to Britain
o Billion-Dollar Gift- gave Britain $700 million
dollar loan and assistance
 politically unpopular in Quebec
o Mutual Aid: canada assisted the allied with
food, raw materials and munitions without
charge
Quiz Time!
What type of foreign
policy did the US adopt
after WWI?
Isolationist
Why was the Lend-Lease
Bill significant?
America provided Allies with much
needed war materials
Showed America’s transition from
isolationism to interventionism
What event led to the US
entrance into WWII?
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
What military tactic did
the US use in the War in
the Pacific?
Island Hopping
What ended the War
against Japan?
Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Where were Canadians
stationed to fight
against Japan?
Hong Kong
Work Cited
"Diplomacy in World War II." Shmoop.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2012.
<http://shmoop.com/wwii/diplomacy.html>.
Stacy,C.P. "Second World War (WWII). "http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com. The
Canadian
Encyclopedia. Web. 3 Nov 2012.
<http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/second-world-war-wwii>.
"D-Day: Brief History." D-Day: Brief History. U.S. Army Center for Military History, n.d.
Web. 07 Nov. 2012. <http://www.worldwar2history.info/WWII/D-Day.html>.
"The Pacific War Series." The Pacific War Series. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.wtj.com/wars/pacific_war/>.
"World War 2: The Invasion of Normandy (1944)." World War 2: The Invasion of
Normandy (1944). N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.historyguy.com/normandy_links.html>.