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FORAMINA OF PALATE AND NASAL CAVITY FORAMEN ROTUNDUM – CN V2 V1 V2 V3 TRIGEMINAL (SEMILUNAR) GANGLION PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA Inferior Orbital Fissure Pterygomaxillary Fissure Post. Sup Alveolar For. V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA Nose Infraorbital Zygomatic 3. Posterior Superior Alveolar Maxillary molar teeth 4. Infraorbital Lower eyelid, nose, upper lip a) Ant. & Mid Sup Alveolar Other Maxillary teeth Post Sup. Alveolar 5. Zygomatic Skin of check POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR FORAMINA – IN MAXILLARY BONE – CONNECT INFRATEMP. FOSSA TO MAX TEETH POST. SUP.ALV. N., A., V. FORAMEN OVALE FORAMEN SPINOSUM PTERYGOMAXILLARY FISSURE – LEADS TO PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA FORAMEN OVALE NOSE FORAMEN SPINOSUM MIDDLE MENINGEAL A. INFERIOR ALVEOLAR N. (V3) POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR N. V2 LINGUAL N. V3 V2 - MAXILLARY - GSA 1. Meningeal Branch Dura of Middle Cranial Fossa Nasal Branches NasoPalatine Greater Palatine 2. Ganglionic branches V2 a) Greater Palatine N. Hard Palate b) Lesser Palatine N. Soft Palate c) Nasopalatine Nasal Cavity Ant. part of hard Palate d) Nasal Branches Lesser Nasal Cavity Palatine Note: V2 branches from Pterygopalatine Fossa to Nasal Cavity are deep and can only be seen on bisected head BASE OF CRANIUM FROM EXTERNAL SIDE HARD PALATE OCCIPITAL CONDYLE FORAMEN MAGNUM C)HARD PALATEHORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONES & PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLARY BONES B)OCCIPITAL BONEHAS FORAMEN MAGNUM- SPINAL CORD; OCCIPITALCONDYLESFOR C1-ATLAS HAMULUS OF MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE MEDIAL AND LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATES EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS NASAL CAVITY SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN D. NERVES of NASAL CAVITY Nerves 1.Olfactory N. - SVA smell; Olfactory Area 2.General Sensation GSA touch, pain, etc. - V1 Anterior Ethmoidal N. - V2 Nasal Branches - V2 Nasopalatine N. 3. Mucous Glands of nose - GVE - VII - Facial N. by Pterygopalatine Ganglion (hitchhike with branches of V) OLFACTORY N. ANT. ETHMOIDAL N. NASAL BR. PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION NASOPALATINE N. OLFACTORY AREA = area of Olfactory nerve endings RESPIRATORY AREA = rest of nasal cavity E. and F. ARTERIES/VEINS, LYMPHATICS 1. Arteries a. Sphenopalatine Artery - from Maxillary A. b. Ant. & Post Ethmoidal A. - from Ophthalmic A. c. Branches of facial A. ANT. ETHMOIDAL A. SPHENOPALATINE A. br. of FACIAL A. 2. Veins a. Ethmoidal vein drain to Ophthalmic v. b. Other branches Pterygoid Venous Plexus c. Facial Vein Note: Epistaxis (nosebleed) can be extensive due to Anastomoses – Spurting if arterial F. LymphaticsRetropharyngeal Nodes III. PALATE INCISIVE FORAMEN B. Anatomy 1. Hard Palate a. Maxillary Bones (palatine process) b. Palatine bones (horizontal plate) INCISIVE FORAMEN GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN LESSER PALATINE FORAMEN ARTERIES, NERVES AND LYMPHATICS Nasopalatine N 3. Blood Supply a. Descending Palatine Artery (from Maxillary A.) divides to -- Greater Pal. A. – hard palate Lesser Pal. A. – soft palate b. Ascending Palatine Artery (from facial A.) 4. Nerves- from V2 – sensory a. Greater Palatine N. & Nasopalatine N.—hard Palate b. Lesser Palatine— Soft Palate 5. Lymphatics—Retropharyngeal Nodes PETROTYMPANIC` FISSURE