Download Biology 12 – Blood Assignment

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Chapter 10: BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ASSIGNMENT KEY
Part A – BLOOD
1. The smallest of the white cells is the _lymphocytes_, which has a roung_nucleus and
makes _antibodies_.
2. Oxygen is transported about the body in combination with _hemoglobin_.
3. At the arterial side of a capillary, _Blood pressure_ aids the passage of water out of the
blood. At the venous side, __osmotic pressure_brings about the passage of water into
the blood.
4. Small organic molecules such as glucose are transported in the _plasma__portion of
blood.
5. Blood clotting is dependent on both a formed element, _platelets_, and two proteins in the
blood, _fibrinogen_and _prothrombin__.
6. White cells are divided into the _agranular leukocytes__and the __granular
leukocytes____; the latter have ___granules___in the cytoplasm.
7. Antibodies are protein molecules, which combine with _antigens_.
8. Neutrophils function by _phagocytizing _bacteria.
9. Blood type AB has _A__ and __B_ antigens on the red cells and no_antibodies in the
plasma.
10. An Rh-negative woman may form _antibodies that destroy her Rh-_positive__baby's
_RBCs or erythrocytes_.
11. Fill in the following table:
PlasmaConstituent
Function
Source
Water
Maintains blood _volume_and
Absorbed from ___large
_transports_molecules
intestine___
Plasma Proteins
All maintain blood_volume & _pH_
_ __
a. Albumin
maintain BP and volume
_liver_
b. Fibrinogen
aid in clotting
_ liver __
c. Globulins
Fight _infections__
__lymphocytes__
Gases
a. Oxygen
__cellular respiration____
_lungs_
b. CO2
End product of __metabolism__
_tissues__
Nutrients: Fats, glucose,
_food_for cells
Absorbed from ___small
amino acids, etc.
intestine____
Salts
Maintain blood ___blood osmotic
Absorbed from __large
pressure__/_pH_, aid _ metabolism intestine____
__
Wastes
__urea & uric acid are excreted by
__liver and cell metabolism_
the kidneys___
Hormones, vitamins etc.
__aid metabolism___
__varied sources_
12. Life cycle of red blood cells: The red cells, scientifically called _erythrocytes , are made
in the __red bone marrow__. Upon maturation, they are small, biconcave disks that lack
a _nuclei_, but they are filled with the complex protein called _hemoglobin_, which
transports oxygen about the body. After about 120 days, the red cells are destroyed in
_liver__or __spleen___.
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 1 of 7
13. Life cycle of white cells: Most white cells, scientifically called _leukocytes_, are made in
the _red bone marrow__, but lymphocytes are also made in the __lymphatic organs_.
White cells are divided into two types, the _granular leukocytes_and the _agranular
leukocytes_. Leukocytes with many-lobed nuclei are called _granularcytes_.
14. Fill in the following table with the contrasting word or phrase:
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
polymorphonuclear
__monomorphonuclear__
___granular_____
agranular
phagocytic
___specific immunity___
___diffentiate from WBCs____
made in lymphoid tissue
15. The two ways that white cells fight infection are:
Phagocytosis and antibody production
16. Blood clotting: These are the reactions that occur when blood clots. Put a check 
beside those substances that are always present in the blood. Put an X beside those
substances that arise after blood begins the process of clotting. Put a star beside those
substances that act as enzymes. Underline the words that indicate the actual clot.
not on test

platelets
X
Thromboblastin
prothrombin
activator

prothrombin
X *
thrombin

fibrinogen
X
fibrin threads
17. The capillaries are the most important part of the circulatory system because _____this is
where nutrients and O2 are exchanged with wastes and CO2_.
18. Blood typing is based on antigen-antibody reaction, which takes place when an antigen is
brought into contact with an antibody of the same type letter. The antigen-antibody
reaction causes clumping or agglutination of the red cells. In the plasma, the antibodies
present will not be of the same type letter as the antigen. Why not? _______so the
antibodies do no attack the person’s own blood __
19. Fill in the following table:
Blood Type of
Antibody
Can Receive From
Can Donate To
Antigen
A
b
A, O
A, AB
B
a
B, O
B, AB
AB
A, B, AB, O
AB
O
a,b
O
A, B, AB, O
20. Which combination can lead to fetal erythroblastosis? Rh _negative_mother and Rh
__positive__father.
21. Which of the following is NOT a blood protein?
a) collagen b) prothrombin c) albumin d) fibrinogen e) globulin.
22. Plasma is
a) the same as tissue fluid
b) the liquid remaining after blood clots
c) the liquid part of blood
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 2 of 7
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d) all of these
23. In which way is a neutrophil like a lymphocyte?
a) they both produce antibodies
b) they are both phagocytic
c) they are both made in lymphoid tissue
d) they both have a many-lobed nucleus
e) they are both white cells
f) all of these
24. Water leaves capillaries at their arterial ends because
a) osmotic pressure gradients are in opposite directions
b) blood pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure
c) a gradient is established for passive diffusion
d) osmotic pressure is always greater than blood pressure
e) b and d
25. Water reenters capillaries at their venule ends because of
a) active transport from interstitial fluid
b) a protein concentration gradient
correct answer should be due to the decreasing BP
c) increasing blood pressure
d) increasing hemoglobin production
26. An Rh-positive fetus being carried by an Rh-negative mother
a) develops antibodies to the mother's blood
b) develops antigens to the mother's blood
c) may have its red cells attacked by antibodies made by the mother
d) may have its red cells attacked by antigens made by the mother
27. The agglutination of red blood cells occurs whenever
a) appropriate antibodies bind with antigens on red cells
b) a person receives a blood transfusion from someone with an incompatible blood type
c) complementary antibodies combine
d) blood cells are destroyed by leukocytes
e) a and b
PART B – CIRCULATION
1. The major systemic artery in the body is the _aorta_.
2. The systemic system begins with the _left ventricle_ of the heart and ends with the
__right ventricle_ of the heart.
3. Contraction of the heart is called _systole_; just following contraction, blood pressure is at
it __highest_.
4. The SA node is often called the _pacemaker_.
5. The first wave in an electrocardiogram occurs during the contraction of the _atria_; the
second occurs during the contraction of the _ventricles_.
6. A vein is a blood vessel that takes blood to the _heart_.
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 3 of 7
7. Movement of blood in the veins is aided by _skeletal__muscle contraction.
8. Capillaries are tiny vessels with very _thin_walls, facilitating the exchange of molecules.
9. The lymph vessels begin in the tissues and eventually join the _subclavian_veins.
10. Two dietary components that may contribute to the medical condition hypertension are
_salt_and _fat_.
11. A stroke occurs when __brain cells are denied oxygen.
12. Label the parts of the circulatory system in this diagram below:
1. superior/anterior vena
2. aortic arch
3. SA node
cava
4. right atrium
5. AV node
6. inferior/posterior vena
cava
7. left AV valve
8. right ventricle
9. pulmonary trunk
10. pulmonary vein
11. left atrium
12. left AV valve
13. aortic semilunar valve
14. left ventricle
15. septum
16. pulmonary semilunar
valve
9
13. Match the structures in the key to the
1
statements below:
10
Key: ARTERY
VEIN
2
CAPILLARY
i. has the thickest walls: _ ARTERY _
3
ii. has valves: _ VEIN ___
12
iii. has the greatest total cross-sectional
4
area: __ CAPILLARY __
5
iv. takes blood away from the heart: _
14
ARTERY _
v. takes blood to the heart: __ VEIN ___
6
vi. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen
with tissues: CAPILLARY _
7
8
14. The path of blood through the heart.
Starting with vena cava, list the structures
in order through which blood flows. Use the parts in the column on the left.
Structures (Alphabetical
Correct Order
listing)
1. aorta
13
2. bicuspid valve
0
3. left atrium
9
4. left ventricle
11
5. lungs
7
6. pulmonary artery
6
7. pulmonary semilunar valve
5
8. pulmonary veins
8
9. right atrium
2
10. right ventricle
4
11. semilunar valve
12
12. tricuspid valve
3
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 4 of 7
13. vena cava
1
11
13
15
16
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15. The heart beats about _60_times a minute. What actually happens is that the _SA_node
initiates the contraction of the _atria_(chambers). The nervous stimulus is picked up by
the _AV_node, and this initiates the contraction of the _ventricles_(chambers). When the
chambers are not actually contracting, they are relaxing. Contraction is termed systole,
and resting is termed diastole_.
16. When the atria contracts, this forces the blood through the __Atrioventricular__valves into
the __ventricles_. The closing of these valves is the lub sound. Next the ventricles
contract and force the blood into the arteries. Now the __semilunar_valves close, and
this is the DUPP sound. A heart murmur is caused by __faulty valves__.
17. Of what significance is each of the following in an
R
electrocardiogram like the one on the right?
i. P wave:__SA node signal just before atrial
systole___
ii. QRS wave: _AV node signal through AV bundle
T
branches and purkinje fibers just before ventricular
P
sytole_
iii. T wave: _residual electrical activity during heart
diastole_
18. Using the diagram of the circulatory system in your
Q
text that shows the major blood vessels, trace the
S
path of blood from:
i. the left ventricle to the legs: aortic semilunar, aorta, iliac arteries, femorial arteries_
ii. the legs to the right atrium: femoral veins, iliac arteries, inferior vena cava
iii. the aorta to the liver: aorta, hepatic artery, liver OR aorta, mesenteric arteries, hepatic
portal vein, liver
iv. the liver to the vena cava: liver, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava
19. a) Label the indicated parts of the fetal heart at
arterial duct
___________
righ:
b. List the four structural differences between the
fetal circulatory system and the adult, as well as
the function of each difference.
oval opening____________
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 5 of 7
1. 2 umbilical arteries that carry CO2
and wastes to the placenta and 1
umbilical vein that carries O2 and
nutrients from placenta to fetus
Structure
A
Function
Structure
B
Function
Structure
C
Function
Structure
D
Function
2. arterial duct (ductus arteriosus)
between Pulm. trunk and aorta to bypass
pulmonary circulation
20. There are only two types of lymph
vessels, the lymph
__capillaries___and the lymph
_ducts_.
3.__Oval opening (foramen ovale)
between right and left atrium to shut
blood from right to left and bypass
pulmonary circulation
4.____venous duct (ductus venosus)
between umbilical vein and inferior vena
cava to deliver nutrients and O2 to fetus
and bypass liver
21. Mix and match the correct term for each description on the left.
O
_F
A
E_
G_
K_
M_
C_
L_
H_
N_
B_
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
J_
D_
13. a dislodged, moving thrombus
14. when a portion of the brain dies due to a lack of
oxygen
15. chest pain (including pain in the left arm)
16. occurs when circulation to part of the heart is
blocked
P_
I_
largest artery
returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system
prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction
vessel transporting blood through kidneys
vessel transporting blood through legs
localized swelling due to excess tissue fluid
supply blood to the heart
the highest arterial pressure
the lowest arterial pressure
condition of high blood pressure
"hardening of the arteries"
a stationary clot along an arterial wall
22. How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary?
a) they both contain blood
b) they both contain valves
c) they both have thin walls
d) they are both connected to the vena cava
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 6 of 7
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
valves
thrombus
systolic blood pressure
stroke
renal
lymphatic system
iliac
hypertension
heart attack
embolism
edema
diastolic blood
pressure
coronary arteries
atherosclerosis
O
P
aorta
angina pectoris
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23. If you press a finger down on a prominent vein, say, on the back of your hand and then
slide the finger distally to a new pressure point closer to the fingers, would you expect the
section of vein you just moved along to refill with blood? Suppose you had moved the
finger proximally toward the upper arm?
no because valves prevent backflow
in the other direction, blood is moving to the heart, so it would remain full
24. Explain how the blood that right now is arriving at your fingertips will get back to your
heart. What will drive its movement?
blood moves through veins by skeletal muscle contraction and one-way valves that prevent
backflow.
 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 7 of 7