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3.4 EXPLAIN A VALUES SYSTEM
Credits: 4
Assessment: Internal
This unit will involve students understanding a Values System based on a fundamental
belief system. Students will gain the skills and knowledge to explain and analyse
relationships between values positions within this fundamental values system and explain
the significance of these relationships for society.
Assessment Criteria
The student is able to:
Achieved

Explain a values system
Merit

Examine a values system
Excellence

Examine, in depth, a
values system
Achievement Objectives
Social Organisation: Different ideas about how society should be organized
Perspectives
You may use a range from the following:
- Perspectives on current issues, Perspectives on the future, Gender perspectives
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OK – What is religion?
Exploring religious belief

Which, if any, of these things do
you believe in?
God
Life after death
Reincarnation
The Soul
Astrology/Horoscopes
Heaven
Ghosts/Spirits
Witchcraft
Telepathy
Buddha
Adam and Eve
Jesus
Psychics/Mediums
Feng-Shui
Allah
Is religion and belief system the same thing?
Religion is certainly a type of belief system, but not all belief
systems are religion. Wikipedia defines religion as:
A religion is a set of beliefs and practices, often centered upon
specific supernatural and moral claims about reality, the cosmos, and
human nature, and often codified as prayer, ritual, and religious law.
Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings,
history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and mystic
experience. The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices
related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication
stemming from shared conviction.
Philosophy is sometimes confused with religion because the two
topics tend to cover the same basic issues. Spirituality is often
mistaken for not being a religion - perhaps because religion has
acquired a bad name.
Religion, on the one hand, is supposed to describe the social,
the public, and the organized means by which people relate to
the sacred and the divine while Spirituality is supposed to
describe such relations when they occur in private, personally,
and even in eclectic ways.
Circle those above that you would
count as indicating religious
belief?
What is Animism?
Animism is the belief that everything in nature has its own spirit
or divinity. Paganism might be pantheistic or polytheistic, but is
distinctive in that it relates to God primarily through nature.
(source: http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/religion/blrel_beliefs.htm)
INTRODUCTION: EXAMINE A VALUES SYSTEM:
Use the PPT to fill in the following information
KEY TERMS:
A values system is an integrated set of shared __________ that may be based on a ____________
system, ideology, _____________ or philosophy.
Values are: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
A belief system is an organised set of _______________ and ________ shared by a group of people that
indicates a way of _______________ and understanding the social, cultural, psychological world and the
universe.
Beliefs…
Are a ______________ or a philosophy shared by those within the belief system.
1) Involve ____________ or scriptures for how to conduct _________ life.
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2) Will guide people toward forming a cultural _________ (ideology).
3) Guide people to forming a certain _____________ of the world and the universe (worldview).
Examples of belief systems include: ________________________________________________________
Examples of non religious beliefs systems include: _____________________________________________
There are three main worldviews that relate to the purpose of religion….
FUNCTIONALIST
Religion is a positive/ negative
force in society.
WHY?
Emilie Durkheim’s believes…
It provides individuals with….
MARXIST
Religion is a positive/ negative force in
society.
WHY?
FEMINIST
Religion is a positive/ negative
force in society.
WHY?
Karl Marx believed that religion is the
‘Opium of the People’.. because…
Religious text promote unequal
roles:
1)
2)
It’s a positive social tool
because….
3)
Feminist philosopher Hanneke
Canters. believes…
Bronislaw Malinowski believes
Talcott Parsons believes that…
Functionalist Worldview
Positive – creates a cohesive,
supportive community with
similar values and norms
Marx believed religion stops
people from trying to
____________ their lives…
For example, people must
live their life the best they
can under difficult conditions – this will
result in being reborn into another
better life and ________________.
Many cultures impose strict
religious laws that restrict the
lives of women (____________
law)
E.g.
Marxist Worldview
Negative – creates a way to control
the masses and keep them oppressed
Feminist Worldview
Negative – creates a way to
oppress women and keep them
in subservient roles.
WORLD RELIGIONS HOMEWORK CHART
3
Using the following sites:
http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00157 and http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0013320/
and other useful internet resources fill in the following table (or create a mini booklet)…
BUDDHISM
HINDUISM
ISLAM
Two Main
Beliefs
Name Of
Religious
Book
One
Important
Festival
Time of
formation
Where Is It
Found?
Number Of
Followers
Places Of
Worship
One
Important
Symbol
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CHIRSTIANITY
JUDAISM
Introducing the World View of fundamentalism
in a belief system
For religious fundamentalists, sacred scripture is considered the authentic, and literal
word of their religion's god or gods. Fundamentalist beliefs depend on the twin
doctrines that their god or gods articulated their will precisely to prophets, and
that followers also have a reliable and perfect record of that revelation.
Since a religion's scripture is considered the word of its god or gods, fundamentalists
believe that no person is right to change it or disagree with it. They believe in the
strict oversation of religious laws. Within that though, there are many differences
between different fundamentalists. For example, many Christian fundamentalists believe in free will, that
every person is able to make their own choices, but with consequence. The appeal of this point of view is its
simplicity: every person can do what they like, as much as they are able, but their god or gods will bring
those who disobey without repentance ("turning away from sin") to justice. This is made clear by the
commands of Jesus in the New Testament concerning any kind of revenge ("Vengeance is Mine, sayeth the
Lord" for one). The Judaist belief is similar, but they do not believe that it is wrong to take vengeance.
Fundamentalists across several religions often share with Christian fundamentalist (and often refered to as
Christian Right) certain positions on specific issues such as opposition to birth control, abortion, voluntary
euthanasia, gay rights, separation of religion and government, evolution in public education, embryonic
stem cell research, anticommunism, and antipathy for perceived changing moral standards.
The following article is Steve Falkenberg’s viewpoint on Fundamentalism in the US, 2002
What is Fundamentalism and Why is It So Dangerous?
First, fundamentalism is an "ism" and like so many of the other "isms" (Gnosticism,
Mormonism, Seventh Day Adventism, etc.) that have plagued Christianity over the centuries,
it is a dangerous heresy. Each of these "isms' is characterized by making something other
than Christ central.
The greatest danger associated with fundamentalism (whether Christian, Mormon, or
Islamic) is that the statements of fundamentalists sound so true. Christians frequently listen
to a fundamentalist preacher and agree with every word. Many fundamentalist preachers
are charismatic leaders and persuasive orators. They have a passion and commitment, a
devotion, that we would all like to achieve in our own lives. It is easy to be moved and
blessed by their messages. The problem is that they are committed to the wrong
thing. They are committed to simplistic interpretations of the faith, to simplistic notions of
morality and right and wrong. They are committed to cultural preservation and resistance to
change. As a result they are frequently telling the people what they want to hear. They appear to have the answers to
social and cultural crises and to life's problems. It all seems so simple, so clear, so easy.
Dr. Neilson, in his excellent article "Religion's Role in the Terrorist Attack of September 11, 2001," addresses the
questions "What makes something fundamentalist?" and "How did this worldview influence the terrorist
actions?" He says, in part,
The overarching theme to the fundamentalist, whether Muslim or Christian, is that God is to be worshipped,
respected, feared & obeyed above all else. All other considerations take a back seat to God. This intense and abiding
devotion means that there are some things that are completely, utterly non-negotiable. In this way, it is like viewing
the world as being black and white, with little if any grey between that which is good and that which is evil.
Accompanying this is a tendency toward literalism. If scripture says that Noah built an ark, put two of each type of
animal throughout the world on it, and that they sailed on that boat while the entire earth was flooded, then it happened.
No questions need be asked; it happened, regardless of whether it is logically consistent with what we know about
animals, floods, ancient ships or the geological record.
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An important element of the fundamentalist mindset is the rejection of modernism. Contemporary western values are
inconsistent with God's values and with His will for humanity. People's duty is to worship
God, not to ignore or ridicule Him. God's rules are clear and they are to be enforced and
respected, not flaunted. As a result, fundamentalists have very conservative views on social
issues. The fundamentalist finds media portrayals of sex, inappropriate gender roles, and
many other elements of Western culture to be abominations completely out of harmony with
God's will. God does not like it, doesn't tolerate it, and neither do God's devoted followers.
But how can anyone who claims to be a Christian disagree with a statement such as "God is
to be worshipped, respected, feared & obeyed above all else. All other considerations take a
back seat to God?" If God is God, the supreme, omnipotent, omniscient, creator and Lord of
everything, and everyone, how can we do anything except put God first?
The problem with fundamentalism is not that fundamentalists put God first. The problem is that
they do not put God first. They put a particular simplistic, limited, human understanding of God
above all else. In most cases the fundamentalist understanding of God's will for mankind is that God wants things to
be the way they used to be. God's laws are the ones we were taught since we were young. Fundamentalists then
become neither Christian or Islam but rather defenders of the culture, dedicated to the preservation of "all we hold
dear." In this regard, Christian fundamentalists are a lot more like the Pharisees than they are like Christ. Christ was a
cultural and social revolutionary who disregarded the conventions of polite society, broke the religious laws regularly,
associated with the "wrong crowd," and generally challenged the emptiness and superficiality of societies traditions
and beliefs. Christ was crucified, at least partly, for being a modernist and an ethical relativist. If Christ came to live
among us in the 21'st century, the fundamentalists would have him crucified again, not because they hate Christ, but
because they would not recognize him.
A major problem with fundamentalism is that fundamentalists believe they know Gods
will for mankind. Fundamentalists believe that they know the truth, that their
understanding is 100% accurate and there can be no questioning it and no
compromise. Their position is "utterly non-negotiable." They believe they know what is
right, wrong, moral, and immoral. As Dr. Neilson notes, this arises from a tendency
toward literalism. Literalism, however, is used by fundamentalists as an excuse for the
rigidity of their beliefs. They have been told that their beliefs are the truth because they
are literal and directly from the Bible and therefore cannot be questioned. There is only
one interpretation of the Bible allowed and that is the one they have been taught.
Having strong beliefs is one thing. We all have strong beliefs that we are unwilling to
change or re-evaluate. Everyone has to have something to believe in and we can't be
constantly questioning everything. But where fundamentalism crosses the line and
becomes dangerous and destructive is when fundamentalists refuse to allow anyone to
have beliefs different from them. It is clearly the case that persons of strong character
will refuse to compromise their beliefs. But fundamentalists consider it compromise to
let you believe what you want to believe if it is different from their beliefs. So for
example, some fundamentalists who believe that abortion is murder are unwilling to allow others to disagree with
them. They are not satisfied to refuse to have abortions themselves and to teach their children and fellow believers to
do the same, they feel compelled to work to get laws passed which will prevent anyone from getting an abortion. In
point of fact, many thoughtful Christians have decided that abortion should be legal, at least in some
circumstances. The fundamentalists think those who disagree with them are wrong and some are willing to take
extreme measures (terrorist threatening, murdering abortion doctors, bombing abortion clinics, and other terrorist
tactics) to prevent those who disagree with them from acting on their beliefs.
Fundamentalism is incompatible with democracy. Witness what has happened in Muslim countries when a
fundamentalist regime (such as the Ayatollah or the Taliban) has taken over the government. Democracy is based on
the belief that people with radically different beliefs and cultures can live together in peace if they respect each others
rights to disagree. It is an essential characteristic of a democracy that the majority rules. However, what we
frequently forget is that in a democracy, the majority cannot do whatever they want. For a democracy to survive, the
majority must protect the rights of the minorities. The majority must limit themselves and their actions to those that
are in the best interest of the society as a whole. If for example, the demographic composition of a state changes and
the Muslims become the majority, they cannot pass laws in the legislature which require everyone to bow to Mecca 5
times a day even though, as the majority, they may have enough votes to do so. To do so would destroy the
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democracy. For democracy to survive, the majority must treat the minorities they
way they would like to be treated if they were the minority. Fundamentalists cannot
allow that to happen. For them, people who believe and behave differently from them
are wrong and "God does not like it, doesn't tolerate it, and neither do God's devoted
followers."
Fundamentalism is dedicated to cultural homogeneity and fixed behaviour patterns, to
unchanging traditions and conventions for governing social interactions. Christianity
is not about going to other lands and cultures and teaching the natives to wear western
style clothing and to fill out the front of their offering envelopes. Fundamentalism is
about condemning sin when you see it and taking a stand for what is "right." Christianity is about caring for the sinner
as much as the saint, it is about understanding the factors that contribute to destructive behaviour and leading those
who have destroyed themselves, their families, and their friends to healing and forgiveness. Fundamentalists would
have us believe that they are the guardians of Christian fundamentals but they are not. The are the guardians of their
own position, culture, and power.
There are three major forms of fundamentalism active in our world today; Christian Fundamentalism, Islamic
Fundamentalism, and Mormon Fundamentalism. All three are patriarchal and all three espouse similar social agendas
which include:
1.
2.
3.
racism and/or the separation of the races
1. Islamic Fundamentalists hate the Jews
2. Mormon Fundamentalists consider Blacks to be a sub-human species. Interracial marriage is punishable by
death.
3. Christian Fundamentalists oppose interracial marriage and some have ties to white supremacist and
reconstructionist groups.
subjugation of women
1. Islamic Fundamentalists treat women as property who only go to heaven through sex and child bearing
2. Mormon Fundamentalists order young girls into polygamous marriages. The woman has no rights or say in the
matter.
3. Christian Fundamentalists refuse to ordain women to ministry (at least at home although a woman can serve as a
foreign missionary), refuse to allow women to teach or supervise men, refuse to allow women to address or in
some cases even pray before a congregation which includes men, requires women to "submit" to their husbands.
a highly restrictive sexual environment
1. Islamic Fundamentalists insist on the woman's obligation to service her husband. Fundamentalist societies
severely punish premarital sex and other violations of the sexual code.
2. Mormon Fundamentalists insist that the leader of the community controls all sex. He can take your wives and
children away from you and give them to another man if you cross him. Extramarital sex and premarital sex are
severely punished.
3. Christian Fundamentalists favour imprisonment and fines for persons who violate sexual standards. They
advocate laws prohibiting homosexuals from having sex even in the privacy of their own homes .
Fundamentalism is incompatible with freedom of religion. It is incompatible with democracy. Growing
fundamentalism is a threat to the work of Christ, to society, to our country, and to our freedom. We must all work to
expose the dangers of fundamentalism
Source: www.newreformation.org/fundamentalism.htm
Copyright © 2002 Steve Falkenberg
QUESTIONS TO ANSWER IN YOUR NOTES:
1) Explain the term fundamentalism.
2) Give some examples of how fundamentalist beliefs impact on people’s lives.
3) Identify and explain three criticisms Mr Falkenberg makes about fundamentalism.
4) What is meant by: “Fundamentalism does not allow democracy”
5) Mr Falkenberg’s viewpoint could be described as a moderate Christian viewpoint, how is
this different from a fundamentalist?
6) Give some examples from your own knowledge of Christian fundamentalist beliefs?
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Extreme
Fundamental
Moderate
Liberal
3.4 ASSESSMENT VALUES
SYSTEM
HINDUISM
This next section of this unit focuses on different aspects of
the Hindu values system and their significance in modern
day Indian and NZ society.
We are going to look at the influence of Hinduism on society and the influence of modern
society on those who belong to the Hindu Belief System. We will look at different values
positions within the Hindu Belief System.
Important dates
Fieldtrip:
3.4 Internal assessment:
Belief systems provide a framework of values, morals, norms and attitudes for people’s
lives.
Rituals, rites of passage and everyday customary things or actions may be part of the
belief system. We will study different aspects of the Hindu belief system.
Some aspects include:
o Marriage
o Diet/Food
o Caste/Class
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Can you think of some other aspects of daily life:
o
o
o
Individuals have different attitudes towards these aspects. Within the Hindu belief system there are
many different values positions. We will look at different values positions within the Hindu Belief
System and identify values positions along a continuum.
Liberal
Moderate
Conservative
X-------------------------------------------X-----------------------------------------X
For example:
Attitudes towards eating meat:
o
Vegetarian diet: Some Hindu adhere to the traditional practice of eating NO meat.
o
Others may include meat regularly in their diet.
o
Others may only eat meat occasionally at social gatherings outside the home.
Where might these attitudes be placed on the values continuum?
EXPLAINING THE HINDU BELIEF SYSTEM
In this unit you will be required to identify and explain:
o
o
o
o
A range of values positions held by people within the Hindu belief system.
How they affect each other.
How they are modified/manifested in society today.
The significance of the range of values positions for Hindus in society
today.
This unit of work and assessment is linked to TWO main Level 8 Achievement Objectives:
Social Organisation: Different ideas about how society should be organized
And
Time, Continuity and Change 8.1 Achievement Objective. Ways in which present beliefs, issues
and events reflect social change and continuity.
Concepts could include:
beliefs
family
values
change
responsibilities
roles
perspectives
consumption
justice
prejudice
inter-relationships
authority
customs and traditions
status
class (caste)
Task: Define the following concepts and show how they relate to the topic of the Hindu belief
system.
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Beliefs - Definition: ____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
How it relates: _________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Change - Definition: __________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
How it relates: _________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Perspectives: You need to demonstrate your understanding of perspectives on a current
issue and/or gender perspectives.
OK – now we need to learn about the HINDU BELIEF SYSTEM
HINDU BELIEFS – POWERPOINT ACTIVITY
Ekam sat, viprah bahuda vadanti there is one truth, only men describe it in different ways
- Rg Veda
There are approximately ____________________________ Hindus worldwide. Major
populations of Hindus are found throughout the world in places like
_______________________________________________________________________________________________.
There is no founder of the Hindu religion. The ancestors of the religion were known as _____________.
The ancestors of Hinduism called their religion ___________________________________. The word
Hindu comes from the word Sindhu which represents the __________________________________. This
was the river that divided Persia and __________________________________________________.
Name 2 Dharmic religions other than Hinduism:
o
o
Name 3 principle of Dharmic religion:
o
o
o
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The concept of ‘God’ in Hinduism is known as __________________________________. This force is
present in ___________________________________ and ___________________________________.
The 4 most sacred texts (Vedas) of Hinduism are:
In each Veda the part known as ______________ shows a person how to reach enlightenment.
No person can escape the forces of __________________. Describe below how this force works:
o
The process by which a person is reborn in the next life is known as _________________________.
Describe below how this process works:
o
The repeating cycle of reincarnation is known as __________________________. Freeing yourself from
this brings enlightenment, also known as _____________________________. Describe below the 4
goals a person must complete to free themselves from the cycle of rebirth:
o
o
o
o
Draw the symbol for Om below
What does Om (AUM) stand for:
A:
U:
M:
Chanting Om brings ______________________________________________________________________.
Some other sacred symbols in Hinduism and their meanings are:
What makes the River Ganges sacred?
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Why do followers of Hinduism visit temples or shrines? Who cares for these sacred places?
A Hindu spiritual leader is known as a _________________________. They guide their
student towards _____________________________________________________.
HINDU RESEARCH QUIZ
Use any library resources to fill in as many of the gaps as
you
 Old Persian word Hind means ______________
 Many gods – but for some Hindus there is an ‘Absolute’ behind them,
called ______________
 Believe in ______________→ behaviour in present life is reflected in next life
 The ______________ is the symbol of the Earth
 Scriptures include Vedas and Upanishads and are full of the adventures of
numerous gods and heroes
”The Vedas tell of ______________– god of fire and sacrifice, ______________the skygod of war, and ______________the god of cosmic order”
 Places:
o The River ______________is sacred and a symbol of life without end
o ______________is India’s most sacred city, and the desired place of death for
Hindu. It is beside the Ganges.
 Salvation/Mokshe – the freedom from the cycle of ______________
 ______________ (Social Class)
There are ______________castes (or 4 plus the “untouchables”)
Religious duties vary with caste
 An Indian Temple is called a ______________. ______________must be removed
because as well as being a place of worship the Mandir is also an object of worship.
It is holy.
 Weddings
Arranged according to ______________, kinship and horoscope.
The institution of marriage is highly valued.
 Daily worship can be done at ______________.
There is usually a place of worship set aside. It can be a shrine, image or picture.
 The burning of ______________is associated with sacrifice, honour, purification and
celebration.
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 A ______________is a wandering holyman.
He has no ______________.
The Holy Leader of a temple maintains the temple/Mandir.
 ______________or ______________is the eternal symbol. It is the sacred sound said
before and after all prayers.
SOCIETY AND CULTURE TEXTBOOK ACTIVITY
What Do Hindus Believe?
Ekam sat, viprah bahuda vadanti
What does this mean? _______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Hindus have a certain worldview or understanding of the world and cosmos. Their notion is
that all creation is part of a ___________________________that is found in _________________.

Hinduism is the oldest major world religion

Hinduism is the third largest religious tradition (about 900 million followers)

Most Hindus prefer to call their religion Santan Dharma which means ‘eternal /
imperishable religion’

Hinduism is not just a religion, it is a way of life for everyone, based on universal
principals
Indian Supreme Court in 1955 said a person is Hindu if:
1) They accept that the Vedas, sacred Hindu scriptures, contain the words
of God
2) Recognise there are many different ways to know God
3) Realise that there are a number of different deities that can be
worshipped.
Hinduism is monotheistic
-
one god (Brahman)
Hinduism is henotheistic
-
one supreme god, other deities secondary
Hinduism has several denominations:
a)Vaishnavism – worship Vishnu and his incarnations
- following 80% of Hindus
b)Shaivism - worship Shiva
c)Shakotas - worship Shakta (Shiva’s wife). Rural following as this is a
female (fertile).
THE HISTORICAL BASIS OF HINDUISM


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
SACRED TEXTS OF HINDUISM
There are 2 main types of scripture: ________________________ and ____________________.
Sruti (The Vedas) are texts of ________________________ origin
They include:




Smriti (Secondary Scriptures) are more accessible and are often re-enacted through
________________________ and ________________________
They include:



THE EXTENT OF HINDUISM IN THE WORLD TODAY
There are __________________ followers of Hinduism worldwide, including _______________ in
Australia and New Zealand.
Important influences of Hinduism in the West:




HINDU CONCEPT OF GOD - Humans and God are ________________________
Moksa is _______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Krisna is ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
There are a set of basic beliefs that most Hindus share and that gives Santan Dharma its
distinctive identity.
1. One Supreme God – they call ________________________.
2. All matter is illusory (maya).
Physical objects such as the body may look permanent and real but they do not
last forever.
3. The soul (atman) endures.
4. Becoming attached to material things is the cause of misery.
5. Samsara = ________________________
The soul experiences numerous lives as a variety of species.
Eventually the soul will be free from the reincarnation cycle and will unite with God
(moksha)
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6. Karma = “Law of cause and effect”
Every person will bear the consequences of his or her own deeds, either in this life or
the next.
7. Spiritual Development is important.
8. Internal and external purity  diet, no alcohol, meditation, yoga, non-killing/ nonviolence.
SYMBOLS IN HINDUISM
Draw the symbol om in the box and write
below what it means
TEMPLES AND SHRINES
Make some notes about the Hindu practices of worshipping at temples and shrines





TEACHERS AND LEADERS
Mandir
=
Temple. Every temple has a priest.
Priest
=
Intensively trained, conducts religious ceremonies, cares for the shrines
in the mandir. Priests must purify themselves inside by following rules
about vegetarianism, not drinking alcohol, practising yoga.
Guru
=
Spiritual leader. Sathya Sai Baba is a popular modern guru with about
15 million followers globally.
Ashram
=
Place set up to encourage spiritual development. Lots of people go to
Sai Baba’s ashram, hoping to see him.
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CLASS AND CASTE
Explain the Hindu understanding of varna
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Outline the four varnas:
Varna
Colour
Who
Duties
Jati means __________________, and refers to __________________.
Explain the jati system.




GENDER ROLES WITHIN HINDUISM
Traditional gender roles are modelled in the _____________________________.
Women’s virtues are considered to be:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Men’s virtues are considered to be:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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MARRIAGE
Vivaha (marriage) is the most important of all Hindu life cycle rituals. The Laws of Manu
state that:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
How does woman’s power position affect their lives in traditional communities?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Explain what sati is:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
A woman’s role in Hindu society is _____________________ and ____________________, always
under the authority of her _____________________.
Explain how arranged marriages work:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Explain how divorce works in Hindu society:



Questions for Discussion / Debate:

Discuss varna and jati from the perspective of a Hindu. Would you accept or reject this form
of social control? Why?

Explain how the concept of dharma ensures that the caste system in India continues,
despite the varna system being outlawed in the Indian Constitution of 1950.

Matchmaking remains a feature of Hindu family life. Discuss the differences between this
system and the way non Hindus may look for prospective husbands or wives. Compare pros
and cons of each approach to finding a life partner.
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Summary Activity- CONCEPTS
Use p206 of Society & Culture textbook to fill in the following concepts and relate them to Hinduism.
Paraphrase or write in your own words.
TERM
Authority
DEFINITION
Beliefs
Change
Conflict
Continuity
Customs
Gender
Globalisation
Norms
Power
structures
Ritual
Technology
Values
Worldviews
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EXTRA: GROUP RESEARCH TASK:
In groups of 3 find out the traditional/fundamental beliefs and values within the Hindu
System on:
Marriage – Diet/Food – Caste/Class – Gender roles
The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons
1. Who is Apu?
2. Why is he so attractive to the ladies of Springfield?
3. What does the Lotus Flower symbolize?
4. How does Apu feel about it?
5. How does the mother feel about Marge?
6. What heritage does Apu’s mother refer to?
7. What are the similarities between Apu’s wedding and a western wedding?
Similarities
Differences
8. How does Apu feel about Manjula when he finally meets her?
9. What god is Homer?
10. How does Manjula feel about the arranged marriage?
11. What liberal ideas about marriage does Manjula have?
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ASPECT OF HINDU BELIEF SYSTEM: FUNDAMENTALIST VALUES POSITION ON DIET
Aspect
STATE
VALUES
POSTION
VALUES POSITION - BELIEFS
Fundamentalists believe….
VALUES POSITION - DIET
Fundamentalists believe….
NATURE OF THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VALUES
POSITIONS
How does the values position on beliefs impact on the values position on diet?
FUNDAMENTAL
Shiv Sena (leader: Jai Bhagwan Goel)
Ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
LIBERAL
McDonalds India Franchise Managing Director
Vikram Bakshi
PERSPECTIVE ON A
CURRENT ISSUE
GROUPS
INVOLVED
20
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
WORLDVIEW
influencing
values/beliefs
CONCEPTS TWO: Link to topic
CONCEPTS
CONCEPT ONE: Link to topic
SIGNIFICANCE FOR HINDU
SOCIETY
Why is this RELATIONSHIP between Beliefs and Diet values positions so significant for society?
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE
VALUABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Bibliography:
21
ASPECT OF HINDU BELIEF SYSTEM: FUNDAMENTALIST VALUES POSITION ON MARRIAGE AND WOMEN
Aspect
STATE
VALUES
POSTION
VALUES POSITION - Marriage
Fundamentalists believe….
VALUES POSITION – Role / status of Women
Fundamentalists believe….
NATURE OF THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VALUES
POSITIONS
How does the values position on marriage impact on the values position on role/status of women (and visa versa)?
PERSPECTIVE
FUNDAMENTAL
LIBERAL
(ON A CURRENT ISSUE)
GROUPS
INVOLVED
22
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
WORLDVIEW
influencing
values/beliefs
CONCEPTS TWO: Link to topic
CONCEPTS
CONCEPT ONE: Link to topic
SIGNIFICANCE FOR HINDU
SOCIETY
Why is this RELATIONSHIP between marriage and the role/status of women values positions so significant for society?
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE
VALUABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Bibliography:
23
ASPECT OF HINDU BELIEF SYSTEM: FUNDAMENTALIST VALUES POSITION ON DEATH/AFTERLIFE AND CASTE
Aspect
STATE
VALUES
POSTION
VALUES POSITION - AFTERLIFE
Fundamentalists believe….
VALUES POSITION - CASTE
Fundamentalists believe….
NATURE OF THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VALUES
POSITIONS
How does the values position on afterlife impact on the values position on caste?
FUNDAMENTAL
LIBERAL
PERSPECTIVE ON A CURRENT
ISSUE
GROUPS
INVOLVED
24
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
WORLDVIEW
influencing
values/beliefs
CONCEPTS TWO: Link to topic
CONCEPTS
CONCEPT ONE: Link to topic
SIGNIFICANCE FOR HINDU
SOCIETY
Why is this RELATIONSHIP between Caste and Afterlife values positions so significant for society?
SUPPORTING
EVIDENCE
VALUABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Bibliography:
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