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BSC 307 5-E Model Lesson Plan Title: Mimic, Mimic on the Wall Grade Level: 9th Grade Objectives: TSWBAT … Describe mimicry and its different forms …Describe how mimicry arises through natural selection and co-evolution …Create an organism that demonstrates the principles of mimicry Illinois Learning Standards: Stage I 12A 5 Apply scientific inquiries or technological designs to explain tests of evolutionary evidence, analyzing acceptance of geologic and fossil records, researching comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and cytology studies of analogous and homologous structures. Stage I 12B 1 Apply scientific inquiries or technological design to explain population growth, density factors in ecosystem change and stability and biodiversity: researching population model studies to determine limiting factors and mathematical patterns of population growth in real-world situations, investigating biotic and abiotic factors of ecosystems, or identifying the roles and relationships of organisms in their community in terms of impact on populations and the ecosystem. Engagement: The students will watch a 2 minute video about a species of Octopus that mimics several different species. The video is located at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygh1-ul6E94. The students will be engaged by this unique and fascinating creature. Exploration: The students will be given a worksheet (attached below) that will guide them through research on different mimic species. The worksheet will provide the mimic species and the students will have to identify what the species is mimicking and why. This worksheet is intended to be more of a “scavenger” hunt than an assessment, so the students will be encouraged to find as many as possible but completion is not necessary. The group will reconsolidate to discuss the worksheet. During this time students who did not complete the entire worksheet would be able to fill in the missing answers. Explanation: The Teacher will conduct a lecture about Mimicry. The lecture would define mimicry, discuss the different purposes of mimicry as well the different types of mimicry. The lecture will also discuss the evolutionary origin of mimicry as well as the significance of mimicry within populations. (Outline below) Elaboration: The students will be given an assignment to create a mimic species. They will draw a habitat, a lifestyle/purpose for mimicry and the type of mimicry. The three purposes for mimicry and the 6 types of mimicry that will be discussed in class are listed in the lecture outline. If students draws a set of criteria is illogical then they will be allowed to trade it out for one that makes sense (e.g. drawing a purpose of defense and a type of mimicry be aggressive). Students will be required to create an organism that exhibits some sort of mimicry. They will have to create a physical representation (picture, cartoon, model, etc) of their creature and present it in class about a week later. (Rubric below) Evaluation (Assessment Strategies): First we will go over the mimic scavenger hunt as a class. This will provide a formative assessment for the teacher and a chance for the students The mimic creation project will be graded based on a rubric which will be provided to the students. Topics covered will also be covered in the unit exam. These two assessments will serve as summative assessments. Rationale: This lesson will engage the students by introducing the class to one of the world’s best mimics, the Indonesian Mimic Octopus which can mimic at least 15 different organisms. The students will be given time to research some mimics before sitting through a lecture. This is a fun way for the students to learn about mimicry, and co evolution. It is also a good way to revisit natural selection and homology, analogy and homoplasy from a slightly different perspective. Finally, this lesson will examine how a mimic can affect population dynamics by looking at how mimicry can increase fitness, affects the species that it mimics, and affects other organisms that the mimic interacts with. P.S. This lesson would be a great lesson to do around Halloween, a few simple modifications in the presentation could allow the mimics to be presented as creatures in disguise (costume). Resources: Illinois State Board of Education. (2010). Illinois State Learning Standards. [Online]. Retrieved October 19, 2010. Available: http://www.isbe.net/ils/science/stage_I/descriptor.htm YouTube. (2009). Mimic Octopus. [Online]. Retreived on October 17, 2010. Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygh1-ul6E94 Name: ___________________________ Hour:________ Mimic, Mimic on the Wall (Part 1) Below is a list of species that exhibit mimicry in order to survive, hunt, reproduce etc. Your job is to determine what the species mimics, and what advantage it provides to the species. Species Milk Snake Burrowing Owls Flat-tailed Horned Lizard Water Dragon Orchid Mantis Katydid Some Male Cichlids (Fish) Ophrys apifera (type of Orchid) Syphrid Fly What does it Mimic? Why does it Mimic? Mimicry A. Mimicry 1) Can be used to trick any of the senses. The most commonly tricked are sight, sound and scent. 2) Allows the mimic to gain an advantage by confusing the other organisms that it interacts with (Prey, Competitors, Predators) B. Functions of Mimicry 1) Defense 2) Predation 3) Increase Reproduction C. Types of Mimicry 1) Camouflage: Mimics the surroundings 2) Batesian: A “non-dangerous” organism mimics a dangerous one 3) Mullerian: “Dangerous” organisms mimic each other 4) Protective decoys: Especially in plants, Create a decoy of a fungus or insect eggs that would make the plant more undesirable. 5) Aggressive: A “dangerous” species mimics a harmless species - Can also take the form of luring or bating 6) Sexual mimicry i. Female Flowers mimic Male Flowers ii. Flower mimics females of insect species iii. Within a species, one gender mimics the other gender 7) Auto mimicry: One part of the organism mimics another part of the organism D. Origin of Mimicry 1) Natural Selection (Review from past few weeks) 2) Co-evolution- two or more species evolving together 3) Does mimicry support the theory of evolution by natural selection? 4) Are mimicries Homologies, Analogies or neither? E. Effect on populations and the Ecosystem 1) How does a mimic affect the population of the mimic? 2) How does a mimic affect the populations of other organisms? Name: ___________________________ Hour:________ Mimic, Mimic on the Wall (Part 2) Now it is your turn. You need to create an organism that is adapted as a mimic for your assigned environment, lifestyle, and purpose. You will create a visual representation of your organism that demonstrates its adaptations. This can be a well drawn picture or a model. Your model/picture does not need to be life size. You will also prepare a 5-10 minute presentation in class to explain your organism, what it mimics, and how that mimicry increases the fitness of the organism. You will turn in your model and this grading rubric at the time of your presentation. 0 1 2 Organism fits none of the assigned traits Organism fits one of the traits Organism fits two of the three traits Model is not well thought out and/or is not representative of the three traits Presentation is not organized, is over/under time, and does not accurately describe the organism Neither model nor rubric is present at the time of the presentation and the presentation is late. Model/Picture exhibits some thought and is somewhat representative. Presentation meets one of the three criteria. Model/ Picture is fairly thought out and mostly representative of the three traits. The presentation meets two of the three qualities One of the criteria is met Two of the criteria are met 3 Organism fits the assigned environment, lifestyle, and mimicry type Model/picture is well thought out and representative of the three traits Presentation is organized, fits within the time limits, and accurately describes the organism Model and rubric are present at the time of presentation and the presentation is on time.