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Mapping Monday Bellwork
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Correct Answers
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1 Gulf of Mexico
2 North Sea
3 Mediterranean Seas
4 Arabian Sea
5 Bay of Bengal
6 Sea of Japan
Objective
• WWBAT: Define and introduce key terms and
texts of Judaism
The First Major Monotheistic Religion
• Today we are going
to start on the first
of two major
monotheistic
religions
• Today we will begin
studying Judaism
Why Start With Judaism?
• First off, Judaism developed before
Christianity
• Second two of the other major Monotheistic
religions (Christianity and Islam) have their
roots in Judaism
• Specially in the founder of Judaism, Abraham
Interactive Notebook Setup
• 9/26/2016
• Judaism Terms and History
• This will be on 2 pages
Nevi’im
Mishnah
Ketuvim
Gemara
Tenach / Tanakh
Talmud
Yahweh
Covenant
Torah
Ancient Jewish Peoples/History
Today’s Goals
• During class today we are going to address the
following topics:
• Geography
• Origins of Judaism
• Major terms
• Tomorrow we will address the core beliefs and
practices of Judaism
Let’s Start Where We Usually do…
• …with geography!
• Judaism originated in
the Middle East, in land
referred to by ancient
people as the Canaan
• This is area is often
referred to as the
Promise Land in
Judaism
Jewish God(Yahweh)
• Judaism is the first major
monotheistic religion to
develop in the world
• This makes Judaism
MUCH different than the
religions we have already
studied in this class
• The Jewish god is called
Yahweh
Yahweh
• Yahweh created the world and everything in it
• Yahweh created natural phenomena, but is
NOT the natural phenomena
• Thus things like natural phenomena should be
admired, but NOT worshiped
Yahweh
• Yahweh does not have a gender
• Yahweh does not have any physical presence
• Though Yahweh is not physically presence on
Earth this does not mean Yahweh is removed
from life
Yahweh
• Yahweh is good and just
• Yahweh expects followers to be good or they
will be punished
• Both Christianity and Islam model the
ultimate power on Yahweh
Key Terms
• Before we get into the history of Judaism, let’s look
at two major terms
• Covenant and Torah
• Let’s start with covenant
Covenant
• Covenant –An agreement between God and
people
• The fact that Yahweh made a covenant with
the Hebrews is SUPER important
• This is where the concept of the Hebrews
being the Chosen People comes from
Torah
• Torah- The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible,
believed to be the word of God, which
contains history, a set of laws, and tales used
as moral guidance
• The Torah will be used and referenced in the
holy text of Christianity and Islam
• Now we are going to examine one the most
important figures in Judaism and all of Western
Religion
• Abraham
Abraham
• Abraham is the father of
the Hebrew people
• This means he is the
father of Judaism
• Abraham was originally
from Mesopotamia
Abraham
• According to Jewish
tradition God told
Abraham to abandon
polytheism and
Mesopotamia
• In exchange God
promised to take the
people of Abraham to a
“promise land” and make
his people powerful
Abraham
• Abraham had two sons, Ishmael and Isaac
• Ishmael was his son by Hagar
• Isaac was his son by Sarah
• Abraham had a son by Hagar because Sarah
had not given him a son
Isaac and Ishmael
• Ishmael and his mother Hagar we sent away
by Abraham at Sarah’s request
• Islam traces it’s historical tradition through
Ishmael and thus Abraham
• Let’s look at a “Family Tree”
The “Family” Tree
Moses
• Today we are going to
talk about another
major figure in
Judaism
• Moses
• Let’s set the stage
The Hebrews Move
• Around the year 1600 BCE the Hebrew
people(Jews) moved into Egypt because of a
drought and famine in Land of Canaan
• Initially they were treated well in Egypt
• Probably because the Hyksos were in power
– Does anyone remember who the Hyksos were?
Things Take A Turn
• Due to the success and how much the
Hebrews prospered, the Pharaoh began to feel
threatened
• Worried about an uprising, the Pharaoh
(known as the Pharaoh of oppression)
enslaved the Hebrews
Things Get Even Worse
• The Pharaoh was also worried
about the number of Hebrews
and ordered that ALL male
Hebrew newborns be executed
• Moses was saved by his
mother, who hid him the Nile
in a basket
• He was discovered and raised
as Egyptian Prince
Moses
• Moses was aware of the fact that he was a
Hebrew
• He fled Egypt after killing a slave master who
was beating a Hebrew
• After fleeing Moses became a shepherd until
God spoke to him
Moses
• Massive building projects were
undertaken by the Pharaoh
and the conditions of Hebrew
salves were made much worse
• God spoke to Moses in the
form of a burning bush
• God told Moses that he must
lead the Hebrews out of Egypt
Moses
• Moses demanded that the Pharaoh let the
Hebrews go, the Pharaoh refused
• God brought plagues down on Egypt and this
convinced the Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go
• This is called the Exodus and celebrated with
the Passover
After The Exodus
• After the Exodus of the
Hebrews, they wandered
the Sinai Desert for 40
years
• While wandering the
desert Moses climbed
Mount Sinai
• At Mount Sinai Moses
received another covenant,
the Ten Commandments
Torah
• Creation: God Created the Universe and
everything in it, The covenant was created
between God and Humanity (specifically
between God and the Jewish people)
• Redemption: Israelites were saved from bondage
in Egypt (in order to experience revelation)
• Revelation: God gave his 613 mitzvot as a
standard for conduct and behavior
▫ Mixed with ritual practices this provides the framework
of lifestyle for all humanity.
Torah
• Genesis (Bereshit): contains stories of creation, records the
establishment of the covenant between God and the Jewish
people, tells of the lives of the patriarchs and matriarchs
• Exodus (Sh’mot): account of Israelites enslaved in Egypt, the exodus
from Egypt, the receiving of the 10 Commandments at Mt. Sinai
• Leviticus (Vayikra): gives God’s ethical and ritual laws and specific
instructions to priests on how to perform their duties
• Numbers (Bamidbar): recounts the history of the Israelites through
the desert and gives more of God’s ethical and ritual laws
• Deuteronony (Devarim): Moses reviews the laws and the people
prepare to enter the promised land.
Nevi’im
• 2nd section of the Hebrew Bible, prophets
• Not a fortuneteller but rather a messenger of
God to the people
• Prophets admonished the Jewish people for
forgetting and forsaking God’s commands
• They called on the people to examine their
lives and their conduct
• Nevi’im is divided in two sections: early and
latter prophets
Nevi’im
• Early Prophets: Joshua, Judges, Samuel (2),
Kings (2)
• Latter Prophets:
– Major Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel
– Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah,
Jonah, Micah, Nachum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah,
Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Ketuvim
• 3rd section of Hebrew Bible, writings
• Contains wisdom literature, poetry, songs,
narrative, history, religious philosophy, and
love hymns…12 books in total
• Books include: Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Songs,
Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther,
Daniel, Ezra, Nechemiah, Chronicles
Tenach / Tanakh
• Tenach / Tanakh is Hebrew name for Hebrew
Bible
• Created by taking the first letter of each of the
three sections of the Bible and making a word
out of those three letters.
– T: for Torah
– N: for Nevi’im
– CH: for Ketuvim
Mishnah
• The first compilation of the Oral Law between
200 BCE and 200 CE
• Collects all of the Jewish legal material from
the post-Torah era
• Divided into 6 orders (or chapters)
– Seeds, Festivals, Women, Damages, Holy Things,
Purifications
Gemara
• A compilation of the discussions,
interpretations, explanations, and theological
arguments about the Mishnah
• Also contains New interpretations and new
laws that arose after Mishnah from about
200-600 CE
• Contains both Jewish law and Jewish stories
Talmud
• Is the combined Mishnah and Gemara
• Largest compilation of post-biblical law
• Remains the basic and central document of postbiblical law
• Talmud is studied for:
▫
▫
▫
▫
▫
the practical application of its laws
its mind-expanding challenges in logic and reasoning
its total immersion in Jewish concerns
its wisdom and insights into the human experience
And the simple love of learning and growing