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Ch 2 World History: River Valley Civilizations Definitions: 1. Mesopotamia 9. Nippur 17. Rosetta Stone 2. Bronze 10. Enlil 18. Henry Rawlinson 3. Ziggurat 11. Sargon of Akkad 19. Menes 4. Specialization 12. Ur III Dynasty 20. Old Kingdom 5. Cylinder seal 13. Hammurabi 21. Pharaoh 6. Pictograph 14. Jean Francois Champollion 22. Horus 7. Cuneiform 15. Demotic 23. Middle Kingdom 8. King 16. Hieroglyphic 24. Hyksos Questions: 1. What prohibited early farmers from becoming civilized 2. Explain how a system of natural levies developed in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley 3. What does the size of a community’s population have to do with the process of irrigation 4. What risks were involved with the process of irrigation 5. What is the relationship between the production of agricultural surpluses and the beginning and maintenance of a civilization 6. Compare specialization in Paleolithic and Neolithic communities to specialization in civilized societies. 7. Why were the beginning years of the civilized era referred to as the “Bronze Age” 8. Why do scholars no think that this Bronze Age label maybe inappropriate 9. What functions which were important to the development of civilization did the priests fulfill 10. How did the development of irrigation affect the Sumerian social organization 11. How is it that Sumerian farmers become accustomed to a large part of their harvest being taken away for other users 12. What did peasants receive in return for their grain 13. How did Sumerian priests discover the will of the gods 14. How did the first scribes solve the problem of creating symbols that stood for a person’s name, an idea, or an action and not just an object that could be pictured in a pictograph 15. How do we mark the boundary between history and prehistory 16. How did the office of Kingship evolve 17. What was the secret of success that Sargon of Akkad enjoyed as an emperor 18. What contribution did the Kings of the Ur III dynasty make to improve imperial administration 19. How did Hammurabi avoid the problems presented by Sargon’s flaw 20. What two major problems eventually caused the demise of Hammurabi’s empire 21. How do we know that the Egyptians learned to make buildings from the Mesopotamians 22. What characteristics of the Nile made it such a suitable environment for the development of civilization 23. Why were there relatively few great temples during Egypt’s Old Kingdom 24. What is significance about Sumerian cylinder seal’s being found in several sites in the Indus River Valley