Download Gut Microbiota - Sophia M. Ortiz

Gut Microbiota:
Effects and
Benefits
Brooke Blonquist,
Shelby Ellsworth,
Marisol Masella, &
Sophia Ortiz
What is microbiota?
 Microbes





that co-exist in our body
Provide health benefits
Part of normal flora
300-500 different types
Anaerobes found on genitourinary,
gastrointestinal, and respiratory
Highest number found in GI
Benefits of Microbiota
 Health

Breakdown carbohydrates, Chrohn’s
disease, ulcerative colitis, C-Diff
 Immune

System
The Gastrointestinal tract is so large and has
direct contact with pathogens
 Protection

Physical Barrier
Where do they come from?
 Mother



Babies develop in sterile environment while
in utero
Exposed to first microbes during delivery
Babies delivered via C-section have less
microbes
Changes and Consequences





Clean Water: Reduced fecal transmission.
Increase in Caesarean Sections: Reduced vaginal
transmission
Reduced Breastfeeding: Reduced cutaneous
transmission and changed immunological
environment
Smaller family size: Reduced early life transmission
Antibiotic use, increased bathing and showering
and use of antibacterial soaps, and mercuryamalgam dental fillings: Selection for changing
composition of microbes.
Microbe growth
 Microbe



growth increases from birth
can be from breast milk or formula
Increase occurs again when solid foods are
introduced
At age 1 number of microbes present
equals that of a young adult.
What effects our microbes?
 Use
of Antibiotics and Immunity
 Age

The types of microbes and number present
change
 Nutritional
Status
Immunity and Microbiota
 Microbiota


shapes Auto Immunity
Pathogenic and Microbiota diversity are
determining factors
Dependent on interactions
 Immunity
and microbiota
Immunity and Microbiota
 Intestinal

Microbiota
Main function is to control exposure
 From
bacteria to host tissue
 Aids in lessening disease outcomes
 Opportunistic
overrides

residential bacteria
Health consequences
 Inflammation
and sepsis
Antibiotic Use
 Affect target pathogen and host
 Effects dependent on antibiotic used
 Decrease colonization
 More vulnerable

Disease and anti-resistant strains
 Anti-resistant bacteria
 resistant gene passed on

in host gut
Pathogenic bacteria
bacteria
Effects of
Obesity
on Microbes
 Gastrointestinal
microbiota is involved
with energy homeostasis
 Obese microbiome increases
polysaccharide degrading enzymes

Breaks down sugars leading to increased
fat deposition
 Lean

vs. Obese microbiota
Obesity microbiota increases LPL activity
Fecal Transplant
 What

The engraftment of microbiota from a
healthy donor into a recipient, which results
in restoration of the normal gut microbial
community structure.
 Why


is it?
is it used?
Performed for C-Diff, ulcerative colitis,
irritable bowel syndrome, and other health
conditions
Success rate is about 90%
Supplements
 Probiotics
 Lactobacilli

and Bifidobacteria
Live microbes that have health benefits
such as recovering from diarrhea and IBS
 Prebiotics
 Oligofructose
and Galactooligosaccharides

Foods that when ingested stimulate the
growth of Microbes (probiotics)
C-Diff Video
References:
Borody, Thomas J. and Alexander Khoruts. “Fecal Microbiota transplantation and
Emerging Applications.” Nature Review. Vol. 9. (2012): 88-96. Web.
Sekirov, Inna et al. “Gut microbiota in Health and Disease.” Physiol Review. Vol.
90. (Jul. 2010): 859-904. Web
Blaser, Martin and Falkow, Stanley. “What are the consequence of disappearing
human microbiota?” Nature Review. Vol. 7.(Dec. 09): 887-894. Web
Guarner, Franciso and Malagelada, Juan. “Gut flora in health and disease.” The
Lancet. Vol. 360. (Feb. 03):512-519. Web
R. de Cassia Goncalves Alfenas, et al. “Gut microbiota And the development of
Obesity.” Nutrition Hosptitalaria 27.5(2012): 1408-1414. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 1 Dec. 2012
Jernberg, Cecilla, et al. “Long term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human
intestinal microbiota.” Microbiology. Vol. 156. (2010): 3216-323. Web
Lora V. Hooper et al. “Ineractions between the microbiota and the Immune
system.” Science. Vol.336 (2012). Web