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Health Study Guide Muscular and Skeletal System Define Skeletal System – A body system made up of bones, joints and connective tissue. Skeletal System Functions1. Provides a strong framework capable of movement 2. Supports and protects internal organs 3. Functions as a storage system for minerals like calcium and phosphorous 4. Produces the body’s blood cells Define Bone Marrow – soft tissue in the center of the bone that produces blood cells Connective Tissues Cartilage - strong, flexible, gel-like tissue between bones Tendons - attach muscles and bones Ligaments - connect bone to joints 4 main joints of the skeletal system – give examples Hinge joint – Elbow and knee Gliding Joint – Wrist and Ankles Pivot Joint – Head and Neck Ball-and-socket joint – Shoulder and Hip Problems of the Skeletal System – Fracture – brake in the bone Dislocation – bone that is moved out of the joint Sprain – stretching or twisting of ligaments causing swelling Scoliosis – disorder in which the spine curves to one side of the body. Define Muscular System -a group of structures that give your body parts the power to move Muscular System Functions1. Gives your body parts the power to move. 2. Help pump blood throughout the body. 3. Help move food through the digestive system. 4. Muscles control the movement of air in and out of your lungs 3 Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscles – Attach to Bones to help you move o These Muscles are Voluntary Smooth Muscles – Muscles found in organs, blood vessels and glands o These Muscles are Involuntary Cardiac Muscles – Muscles found in the walls of your heart o These Muscles are Involuntary How Muscles Work – Contraction – the shortening of muscle fibers Extension – the lengthening of muscle fibers What is an example of two muscles that work in pairs to make a body part move? ____Biceps & Triceps_______ & ______Hamstrings & Quadriceps_____ Problems of the Muscular System Muscle Strains – small tears to the muscle or tendon Muscular Dystrophy – a disorder that causes the skeletal muscle tissue to gradually waste away.
