Download Unit 2: REPRODUCTION - Ms Ramsden`s Science Page

Unit 2: REPRODUCTION STUDY GUIDE
Meiosis is the Basis of Sexual Reproduction
Steps for studying for Unit 2:
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Re-read your Student Notes and pages 118 - 231 of your textbook.
Remember, we covered information from sections 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, (small clips from 5.2 and 6.2).
Be able to define the key vocabulary from the chapters. (Make vocab cards)
Review your Work Book, making sure all is complete.
5. Complete the online quizzes at http://www.bcscience.com/bc9/
Chapter 4 VOCABULARY (pages 122-143)
Be able to define the following terms:
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Ribosomes
Proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Chromatin
Genes
Genome
Muscular dystrophy
Gene mutation
“junk DNA”
Positive mutation
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Negative mutation
Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
Neutral mutation
Mutagens
Gene Therapy
Spindle fibres
Centrioles
Early prophase
Late prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
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Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cancer
Tumor
Chapter 5 VOCABULARY (pages 148-182)
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Cell cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
Replication
Sister chromatids
Centromere
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Chapter 6 VOCABULARY (pages 186-230)
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Sexual reproduction
Genetic diversity
Diploid number, 2n
Diploid
Haploid number, n
Gametes
Sperm cells
Egg cells
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Fertilization
Zygote
Embryo
Meiosis
Homologous
chromosomes
Crossing over
Independent assortment
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Chromosome mutation
Karyotype
Syndromes
Mating
External fertilization
Internal fertilization
Fetus
Science 9 Page 2 of 3
Section 4.1 The Function of the Nucleus within the Cell
1. Describe the structure and composition of DNA.
a. What is the function of DNA?
2. Describe the specific arrangement of DNA base pairs.
3. What is chromatin?
4. Describe the relationship between DNA, chromatin and chromosome.
5. a). How many chromosomes are there in most human cells?
a. How are these chromosomes arranged?
6. Do all living things have the same number of chromosomes?
a. Give examples to support your answer in a). above.
7. a). What are genes?
a. Where are they located?
8. What are their functions?
a. What determines the type of protein produced by genes?
9. What are enzymes? Give an example.
10. What are hormones? Give an example.
11. Draw and properly label a flow chart to show the 9 steps of protein production in animal cells
Section 4.2 Mutation
1. What is gene mutation? Give an example.
2. What percentage of the DNA in our chromosome is represented by genes?
a. What is the function of the remaining percentages?
3. What are the 4 types of mutation based on the A, G, C, T arrangement?
4. Differentiate the 3 types of mutation based on their effects to an organism’s
survival rate?
a. Give an example of each.
5. Give 4 examples of mutagens.
6. What are two effective ways to treat diseases caused by gene mutation?
(Section 6.1 Material)
7. List 5 types of chromosome mutations.
8. When can a whole chromosome mutation occur?
9. How are chromosome mutations prevented from being passed from one
generation to the next?
10. What is a karyotype? What do geneticists use them for? Give an example.
Section 5.1 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
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List some of the cells of your body and the rate of their replacement.
Describe the three stages of the cell cycle.
Draw and properly label a diagram to show these three stages.
What happens during interphase?
Briefly describe the three events that take place during interphase.
What is the end result of DNA replication?
Why is DNA replication important?
What are “daughter cells”?
Science 9 Page 3 of 3
9. How does the cell prepare for cell division?
10. What is the result of mitosis?
11. What is the role of the centromere?
12. Draw a diagram to show the phases of mitosis. Describe what is happening in each phase.
13. What happen on the final stage (cytokinesis) of the cell cycle?
14. What are checkpoints in a cell cycle?
15. What causes cancer?
16. Compare the growth of normal cells to that of cancer cells.
17. Are cancer cells specialized? Explain.
18. Describe how cancer can spread to other areas of the body.
19. Complete the Section 5.1 Quiz online at http://www.bcscience.com/bc9/
Section 6.1 Meiosis
1. Briefly differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction
2. What causes genetic diversity? What are the possible impacts of genetic diversity to an organism?
3. What is the role of mitosis on diploid number?
4. What is the role of gametes in reproduction?
5. Differentiate sperm cells from egg cells.
6. Draw and properly label a flow chart to show the process of fertilization. Make sure to include a
brief description of each step.
7. Draw and properly label a diagram to illustrate the process of meiosis.
8. Briefly describe what happens in meiosis I.
9. Briefly describe what happens in meiosis II.
10. Which is more like mitosis; meiosis I or meiosis II?
11. What is crossing over? When does it occur?
12. What is independent assortment? When does it occur?
13. Differentiate gamete formation between males and females. How many of the 4 cells produced at
the end of meiosis II develop in to sperm cells? In a female, how many of the cells develop into egg
cells?
Section 6.2 Sexual Reproduction
1. How many parents are required for sexual reproduction?
2. Can species reproduce with other species?
3. Differentiate external from internal fertilization.
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a) List some advantages of external fertilization.
b) List some disadvantages of external fertilization.