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ROME ROME 753 BCE – Foundation legend 753 – 507 BCE – Tyrants/wealthy families – Council of Elders/Senate; Seven kings 507 – 31 BCE – Roman Republic Votes – class; role of consuls Roman Senate – made policy/governed, served for life, nominated sons Patricians/Plebeians 450 BCE – Twelve Tables tribunes 400s BCE – Rome took most of Italy – Italians granted Roman citizenship 264 – 202 BCE – Two wars against Carthaginians (gained control of western Mediterranean) 200 – 146 BCE – wars against Hellenistic kingdoms in eastern Mediterranean (3rd/2nd centuries BCE – Italian farmers away for military service; growth of latifundia) 88 – 31 CE – Sulla, Pompey, Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Octavian fight for power/unprecedented control over armies 59 – 51 BCE – Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (France) 31 BCE – Establishment of principate by Augustus (parts of Middle East/Central Europe added to empire); growth of the equites; question of succession of emperors 66 – 73 CE – First Jewish – Roman War 100s CE – emperors adopted capable successors; no new sources of slaves (expensive); pax romana; Romanization 212 CE – citizenship to all free, adult males 235 – 284 CE – Third – Century Crisis 284 – 305 CE – Diocletian pulls things together… 324 CE – Constantine transfers imperial capital to Byzantium 325 CE – Council of Nicaea 392 CE – pagan ceremonies banned 395 CE – split between east (Constantinople – Byzantium) and west (Rome) 410 CE – Rome sacked by Visigoths 476 CE – last Roman emperor deposed 527 – 565 CE – reign of Justinian 530 CE – Western Roman Empire split into separate kingdoms; Rome still 753 BCE – Foundation legend 753 – 507 BCE – Tyrants/wealthy families – Council of Elders/Senate; Seven kings 507 – 31 BCE – Roman Republic Votes – class; role of consuls Roman Senate – made policy/governed, served for life, nominated sons Patricians/Plebeians 450 BCE – Twelve Tables tribunes 400s BCE – Rome took most of Italy – Italians granted Roman citizenship 264 – 202 BCE – Two wars against Carthaginians (gained control of western Mediterranean) 200 – 146 BCE – wars against Hellenistic kingdoms in eastern Mediterranean (3rd/2nd centuries BCE – Italian farmers away for military service; growth of latifundia) 88 – 31 CE – Sulla, Pompey, Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Octavian fight for power/unprecedented control over armies 59 – 51 BCE – Julius Caesar conquers Gaul (France) 31 BCE – Establishment of principate by Augustus (parts of Middle East/Central Europe added to empire); growth of the equites; question of succession of emperors 66 – 73 CE – First Jewish – Roman War 100s CE – emperors adopted capable successors; no new sources of slaves (expensive); pax romana; Romanization 212 CE – citizenship to all free, adult males 235 – 284 CE – Third – Century Crisis 284 – 305 CE – Diocletian pulls things together… 324 CE – Constantine transfers imperial capital to Byzantium 325 CE – Council of Nicaea 392 CE – pagan ceremonies banned 395 CE – split between east (Constantinople – Byzantium) and west (Rome) 410 CE – Rome sacked by Visigoths 476 CE – last Roman emperor deposed 527 – 565 CE – reign of Justinian 530 CE – Western Roman Empire split into separate kingdoms; Rome still important for Christianity important for Christianity