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Timeline of Roman History and Legend 1194-84 BCE Trojan War 1184- ~ 1150 BCE Aeneas and Trojan survivors wander for some years, finally making their way to Italy 753 BCE Legendary founding of Rome (Romulus & Remus) 509 BCE Monarchy ends with expulsion of Tarquinius “Superbus” Beginning of republic 218 – 201 BCE Second Carthaginian (Punic) War. Rome becomes dominant power in Mediterranean after defeating the brilliant tactician Hannibal 70 – 19 BCE Virgil’s lifetime; Roman state is racked by civil war 50’s – 44 BCE Julius Caesar gains great power, too much in the eyes of some; assassinated by Brutus, Cassius, and other senators who believed that Caesar was a threat to Rome’s republican form of government 44 – 23 BCE Octavian Augustus Caesar (great nephew of Julius Caesar) rules the state; his forces defeat Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BCE, ending the civil wars, but also issuing in the period that has come to be called the “empire;” declares himself emperor in 27 BCE; as a member of the Julian clan, he (like his uncle Julius before him) claims descent from Aeneas, son of Venus 27 BC - 180 CE Roman Empire, well ruled, flourishes 180 – 337 CE Empire weakens under a long series of poor rulers. Primarily under the direction of Constantine, who legalizes Christianity, the empire is divided into eastern and western “halves.” 476 CE Western Empire falls to Germanic tribes. (Eastern empire survives for another thousand years).