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Decisions Decision 1: Phalanx vs. Chariots Phalanx vs. Chariots Proposed Solution: Get off your chariots and earn respect! Aristocrats no longer fought or paid for war. Hoplites supplied their own armor: leather helmets, breastplates, greaves (shin guards). Carried a shield, short sword and a 9 ft. spear. Used Phalanx formation (like you saw in 300)-a tight rectangular formation usually 8 ranks deep. Phalanx vs. Chariots Anticipated Impact: If a hoplite can fight for the state they can challenge aristocratic control. Greek soldiers were “Citizen-Soldiers” which meant they were willing to train and fight for their country. Most of the time they went up against enemy forces that were made up of mercenaries (paid fighters) with no real loyalty to the country/empire paying them. Relied on heavy infantry and offensive, quick, decisive strategies that often time won them victory with very few casualties. Decision 2: Debt Slavery Debt Slavery Proposed Solution: Creation of colonies equaled more wealth for City- States. This means they can now sponsor hoplites and creates a middle class and more hoplites=more territory gained which equals more wealth. Also gave land to former debt slave which created the middle class and a means to make money and be hoplites. Solon and his new constitution-liberated debt. This was the end to debt slavery. Debt Slavery Anticipated Impact: Wealthy land owners would be losing money/service from debt slavery. The emergence of a middle class would mean a need for more say in the government which can threaten aristocratic rule. Positive impact would be more wealth for the rich because of new territory/colonies acquired by the hoplites and more opportunity to rule more land. Decision 3: Voting Rights Voting Rights Proposed Solution: Athenian democracy=the right to vote. All male CITIZENS could vote. To be a citizen you had to be born in Athens and you had to me male. Sparta and many other city-states had oligarchies made up of councils and representatives, no real rights to vote on decisions. Citizens were usually land holding/owning men. Voting Rights Anticipated Impact: Gave poor/middle class citizens more say in the government. (Direct Democracy) No longer did the wealthy aristocrats make all of the rules. (Although many continued to via for power and authority) Led the way to the first real Democracy in the fifth century B.C.E (where they actually called it Democracy and it was all citizens duty to participate) Decision 4: Political Participation Political Participation Proposed Solution: Slaves NEVER! Native born men are considered citizens and are allowed to participate in the Athenian Democracy. BUT most did not because most lived ~50-60 miles outside of Athens. Sparta and other Greek city-states only land holding/owning men could participate in governments which for the most part were oligarchies. Political Participation Anticipated Impact: In Athens every citizen had a say and government possessions were based off of merit NOT birth. That means if an issue involving the poor or middle class arose then they would bring in poor or middle class citizens to come up with solutions. Sparta and other city-states were ruled by the wealthy and in the case of Sparta was run as a military state. So to go against the government would mean death, banishment or encarceration. Decision 5: Slavery Slavery Proposed Solution: Slaves were very important to the ancient Greek way of life. Slaves cleaned and cooked, worked in the fields, factories, shops, in the mines, and on ships. Even the police force in ancient Athens was made up of slaves! Most slaves lives were not that different from a poor Greek citizen's life. Greek slave could NOT be citizens and did not have the rights of citizens BUT could have families. Sparta=helots, Thessaly=penestae (conquered peoples mostly farmers-treated poorly could be killed with no punishment of killer) Slavery Anticipated Impact: Greek culture could prosper: arts, literature, science, politics etc… Domestic slaves vs. helots/penestae-domestic slaves were treated relatively well. Most families even those who did not have a lot of money owned at least one slave. Socrates was the first to questions/condemn slavery through a character in Plato’s play “Socrates Dialogues.” For the most part slavery helped the Greek culture thrive.