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Decisions
Decision 1: Phalanx vs. Chariots
Phalanx vs. Chariots
 Proposed Solution:
 Get off your chariots and earn respect! Aristocrats no
longer fought or paid for war.
 Hoplites supplied their own armor: leather helmets,
breastplates, greaves (shin guards). Carried a shield,
short sword and a 9 ft. spear.
 Used Phalanx formation (like you saw in 300)-a tight
rectangular formation usually 8 ranks deep.
Phalanx vs. Chariots
 Anticipated Impact:
 If a hoplite can fight for the state they can challenge
aristocratic control.
 Greek soldiers were “Citizen-Soldiers” which meant
they were willing to train and fight for their country.
 Most of the time they went up against enemy forces
that were made up of mercenaries (paid fighters) with
no real loyalty to the country/empire paying them.
 Relied on heavy infantry and offensive, quick, decisive
strategies that often time won them victory with very
few casualties.
Decision 2: Debt Slavery
Debt Slavery
 Proposed Solution:
 Creation of colonies equaled more wealth for City-
States.
 This means they can now sponsor hoplites and creates
a middle class and more hoplites=more territory
gained which equals more wealth.
 Also gave land to former debt slave which created the
middle class and a means to make money and be
hoplites.
 Solon and his new constitution-liberated debt. This
was the end to debt slavery.
Debt Slavery
 Anticipated Impact:
 Wealthy land owners would be losing money/service
from debt slavery.
 The emergence of a middle class would mean a need
for more say in the government which can threaten
aristocratic rule.
 Positive impact would be more wealth for the rich
because of new territory/colonies acquired by the
hoplites and more opportunity to rule more land.
Decision 3: Voting Rights
Voting Rights
 Proposed Solution:
 Athenian democracy=the right to vote. All male
CITIZENS could vote.
 To be a citizen you had to be born in Athens and you
had to me male.
 Sparta and many other city-states had oligarchies
made up of councils and representatives, no real rights
to vote on decisions.
 Citizens were usually land holding/owning men.
Voting Rights
 Anticipated Impact:
 Gave poor/middle class citizens more say in the
government. (Direct Democracy)
 No longer did the wealthy aristocrats make all of the
rules. (Although many continued to via for power and
authority)
 Led the way to the first real Democracy in the fifth
century B.C.E (where they actually called it Democracy
and it was all citizens duty to participate)
Decision 4: Political Participation
Political Participation
 Proposed Solution:
 Slaves NEVER!
 Native born men are considered citizens and are
allowed to participate in the Athenian Democracy.
 BUT most did not because most lived ~50-60 miles
outside of Athens.
 Sparta and other Greek city-states only land
holding/owning men could participate in governments
which for the most part were oligarchies.
Political Participation
 Anticipated Impact:
 In Athens every citizen had a say and government
possessions were based off of merit NOT birth.
 That means if an issue involving the poor or middle
class arose then they would bring in poor or middle
class citizens to come up with solutions.
 Sparta and other city-states were ruled by the wealthy
and in the case of Sparta was run as a military state. So
to go against the government would mean death,
banishment or encarceration.
Decision 5: Slavery
Slavery
 Proposed Solution:
 Slaves were very important to the ancient Greek way of life.
Slaves cleaned and cooked, worked in the fields, factories,
shops, in the mines, and on ships. Even the police force in
ancient Athens was made up of slaves! Most slaves lives
were not that different from a poor Greek citizen's life.
 Greek slave could NOT be citizens and did not have the
rights of citizens BUT could have families.
 Sparta=helots, Thessaly=penestae (conquered peoples
mostly farmers-treated poorly could be killed with no
punishment of killer)
Slavery
 Anticipated Impact:
 Greek culture could prosper: arts, literature, science,
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politics etc…
Domestic slaves vs. helots/penestae-domestic slaves were
treated relatively well.
Most families even those who did not have a lot of money
owned at least one slave.
Socrates was the first to questions/condemn slavery
through a character in Plato’s play “Socrates Dialogues.”
For the most part slavery helped the Greek culture thrive.