Download Civil War Ppt

And how it affected Georgia
 How did the north and south differ in the antebellum era?
 Once you are done, be sure you have a highlighter. If you
do not, borrow one from a classmate.
 Remember, you must KEEP TRACK of your Do Nows!
Opening
Do Now Warm Up
Standard
SSH6: Analyze the impact of the
Civil War on Georgia. Focus:
Planning and resources
Essential Question
What key decisions and events led
to the outcome of the Civil War?
Work Period
Guided notes, map, discussion
Closing
Summary and review
 East of the Mississippi
 West of the Mississippi
 Sea
 Created by Union
General Winfield
Scott
1. Blockade all
southern ports
2. Take control of the
Mississippi River
3. Capture the
Confederate capital
Richmond, VA.
Washington, D.C.
July 26, 1861
My Dear, Dear Mother:
I scarcely know how to begin this sad, sad letter. You must have heard of the terrible loss which has
befallen us before now. I will give you the particulars as nearly as I remember them. We left
Manassas Junction on Sunday morning about 4 o’clock and marched about ten miles, where we
could see the enemy’s battery. After we had been there about fifteen minutes, we were ordered to
the front to support General Bee. We gained a small piece of woods, when I left the left of the
company and advanced in front, discharged my gun and loaded, when I thought I would look
behind me to see if any of my company had fallen.
But, Mother, just think of my horror to see John, dear John, reel and fall. I dropped my gun and ran
to him. I got there just after Dr. West, who dear John asked whether there was any chance or not.
When told he must die, he replied, Very well, he would die like a soldier and a man. With the
assistance of friends, I carried him to the rear of the regiment, when, at my request, all my friends
left me but Mr. Lewis Eastmead, who refused to go. My poor Brother lived about three-quarters [of]
an hour. He was perfectly sensible about half the time. He died in my arms. His last words were
about you and Hamilton. I cannot write any more now, as I was taken prisoner, standing by his
body, and am now in Washington City. Please have my watch sold and send me $50. I hope to be
exchanged in a short time. And now, dear Mother, do for my sake try and bear our terrible loss as
well as you can. Remember that he is in a better world.
Your affectionate Son.
Sanford
1. What was the name of the North’s strategy for winning
the Civil War?
2. What were the three parts of that plan?
3. What was the South's strategy for winning the Civil War?
4. Who was the president of the Union?
5. Who was the president of the Confederate States of
America?
 Was it the Confederacy (south) or the Union (north)?
 Stronger military
 Home advantage
 Money
 Railroads
 Military officers
 Skilled soldiers
 Factories/Industrial power
 Fighting in unfamiliar territory
 Weak government
 No navy
 Superior leadership
 Larger population
cornfield
Resulted in
Emancipation
Proclamation
Unidentified dead
Bloody Lane
More motivation
Union won…kind
of
cornfield
Photography in
newspaper
23,000 casualties
Who
Where & When
Why
•
•
•
•
•
•
North vs South
General McClellan (N) vs. Robert E. Lee (S)
Sharpsburg, Maryland
1862
After a string of Confederate victories in the south, General
Robert E. Lee wanted to take the battle into the North.
Hoped this battle would convince Britain and France to help the
south.
There was no clear winner (draw), but the South retreated first
Bloodiest 1-day battle in the Civil War
Over 23,000 men died
What
•
•
•
Aftermath
• Lincoln called the battle a victory for the North
• Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
1.
Choose a perspective:
 Northern soldier
 Southern soldier
 Citizen of Sharpsburg
 Family member of a soldier
 Reporter
 President Lincoln
 President Davis
2.
Write a letter (or an article if you chose reporter) to a family
member about your experience of this battle.
3.
Remember: This was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war, half
the soldiers remain unidentified, and this was one of the first
battles that had photographic evidence. ***Make sure your letter
makes sense for the time period (1862)
 Warm Up
 1. Where did the Battle of Antietam take place? What is significant
about where it took place?
 2. Give two reasons why the Battle of Antietam was important to
the Civil War.
Who
• Ulysses S. Grant (N)
Where & When
• Vicksburg, Mississippi (on the MS River)
• May & June (Siege), ended July 4th, 1863
• The North was able to take control of the Mississippi River (part
of the Anaconda plan)
• Split the Confederacy in half
Significance
Who
• General Meade (N) vs Robert E. Lee (S)
Where & When
• Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (North)
• July 1-3, 1863
• The south attacked the North, hoping the North would give up
on the war
• After 3 days of heavy losses, the south retreated. The south
never invaded the north again
• “Turning Point” of the war
• Gettysburg Address
Significance
1. Name the three parts of the Anaconda plan.
2. Which Civil War battle was considered a “turning point” in
the war?
3. Which Civil War battle was the bloodiest 1-day battle in the
war?
4. Which Civil War battle resulted in the Union controlling the
Mississippi River?
5. Which Civil War battle resulted in Lincoln issuing the
Emancipation Proclamation?
Standard:
• State the importance of Gettysburg to the Civil War
Today’s Focus:
• Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Agenda:
1.
What does “Four score and seven years ago” mean?
2.
What is Lincoln referring to in this first sentence?
3.
What is the purpose of the address that Lincoln is giving?
4.
Why does Lincoln say that “we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—
we can not hallow—this ground?”
5.
What then can we do? What does Lincoln say is the task “for us the living?”
Why?
6.
What was “that cause for which they gave the last full measure of
devotion?”
7.
Do you think all of the soldiers who died fighting at Gettysburg were
fighting for the same cause? Why or why not?
8.
In the last clause, what is meant by government “of the people, by the
people, for the people”?
 Georgia became more industrial to support war efforts. The
economy and lifestyle of the south suffered. Women began to
play new roles in the workforce.
 Come in quietly and complete your open notes quiz.
 You may not ask others for notes.
 If you were absent one day, please see me for the
necessary materials.
 Your ability to do this quietly will affect today’s Do Now
grade.
 By the President of the United States of America:
A Proclamation.
"The people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States,
shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free"
"The Executive Government of the United States, including the military and
naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such
persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in
any efforts they may make for their actual freedom."
"Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue
of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of
the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and
government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for
suppressing said rebellion"
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and
declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and
parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free"
President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
 Emancipation Proclamation 1863 freed slaves in all states
rebelling against the United States.
 Why Lincoln did it:
 It would hurt the South economically
 It would help influence the British to favor the North because they
opposed slavery.
 Invited black men to serve in the Union army.
 When the south refused to obey, the focus of the Civil War shifted
to freeing an entire group of people.
 How were the Battle of Antietam and the Emancipation
Proclamation connected to each other? (If you don’t remember,
think about why Lincoln might have waited until this point in the
war—two years in—to issue the Emancipation.)
 Remember, keep all do nows. Do not throw them away.
 Came after a number of Union losses.
The Union soldiers were losing
morale.
 July 1-3, 1863: Confederate General
Robert E. Lee fought to hold on to the
small town of Gettysburg, PA.
 The larger Union army overwhelmed
his troops and won the battle.
 Casualties: the count of killed,
wounded, or missing
 North (Union): 23,000
 South (Confederacy): 28,000
 Total Dead: 7,058
 Delivered in November 1863 at a
ceremony to dedicate the battlefield
to the dead.
 Considered one of the most famous
and inspiring speeches in American
history.
 The northern victory at Gettysburg
(and also earlier that year in
Vicksburg) marked the turning point
in the war.
 Importance: the north takes control of
the Mississippi River, which was
initially a part of Lincoln’s Anaconda
plan.
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 Began growing food
crops instead of cotton
 Increased
manufacturing
 Use of Blockade
runners: fast steam
boats that would try to
outrun Union ships in
order to get supplies
 The south controlled Fort
Pulaski in the barrier
islands, which allowed
blockade runners to get
through easily.
 When the north defeated
southern troops at this
fort, the port of Savannah
was completely
blockaded.
 Southerners could no
longer sneak in supplies
 Savannah and Augusta
became important
industrial cities to help
manufacture supplies
for the war.
 Women and African
Americans formed
part of the work force
because so many men
were off fighting.
 Atlanta became an
important transport
center
 Railroads met in
Atlanta from all
directions
 Goods for the armies
were stored in Atlanta,
making it an easy
target for the Union
army later.
 State governments did
NOT collect property
taxes, which means the
states were not making
money
 Blockade affected
exports, which led to
bread riots, lack of
clothes and supplies
 The northern army was
aiming to win the south.
 It captured Chattanooga, and
important city in Tennessee.
Next up was Chickamauga.
 Chickamauga was just 10
miles south of the TN/GA line.
 If the north captures
Chickamauga, it is one step
closer to capturing one of the
South's most important cities:
Atlanta.
 The south was able to
surprise the north and win
Chickamauga.
 Chickamauga is significant
for two reasons:
 Largest Union defeat in this
area (second bloodiest battle)
 The north retreated back to
Chattanooga and readied
itself for General Sherman’s
Atlanta Campaign
"I believed then, and I believe now, that (Union) General Rosecrans could have put the Army of the Cumberland
into Chattanooga by the evening of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a wheel," Atkins said.
That could have prevented the Union's loss at the Battle of Chickamauga and subsequent Union victories at
Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge to retake the city. Atkins argued:
"The battle of Chickamauga was a useless battle, the broken and shattered Army of the Cumberland driven from
the field and cooped up and nearly starved to death in Chattanooga, that Rosecrans was in full possession of on
September 9th, 1863, and which might have been held by him with his full army intact, with abundant force to
protect his line of supplies, and where he never could have been or would have been assaulted by the
Confederate army."
The second day of Chickamauga was a disaster for Rosecrans, who ordered troops to fill what he wrongly
thought was a gap in the Union line that instead left a gaping hole elsewhere in the line. Confederate troops
under the command of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet poured through and drove off a third of the Union Army,
including Rosecrans himself. The Army of the Cumberland was shattered, retreated to Chattanooga and was
besieged. Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant arrived in Chattanooga on Oct. 23. He replaced Rosecrans with Maj. Gen.
George Thomas.
The Confederacy made mistakes, too.
Bragg passed up a chance to smash the Union forces retreating from Chickamauga and, instead, let them retreat
to Chattanooga. By some accounts, Bragg didn't feel his forces were properly organized to pursue the Union
troops.
Legendary Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, who served under Bragg, felt that every hour's delay let 10,000
Union troops escape. He was enraged by Bragg's failure to give pursuit.
Forrest told Bragg:
"You have played the part of a damned scoundrel, and are a coward, and if you were any part of a man I would
slap your jaws and force you to resent it. You may as well not issue any orders to me, for I will not obey them. … I
say to you that if you ever again try to interfere with me or cross my path it will be at the peril of your life."
 What were the results of the battle of Chattanooga?
 What were the results of the battle of Chickamauga?
 When you’re done, review your battle map from yesterday’s notes.
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 Timeline
 Using a few sheets of computer paper, create an attractive, colorful timeline of the events
we’ve covered in the unit. You must include important events and battles, descriptions of
those battles, and pictures to go along with them.
 Battle Study
 Complete further research on one of the events we covered. Create a story board (kind of
like a long comic strip) demonstrating the major events and significance of the event.
 Biography Book Cover
 You will conduct research on someone from the war. This could be a well-known person
like Lincoln or Sherman, or you could research a little bit about a soldier who fought in the
war. You will create a front cover (title, picture, etc) and a back cover (summary enticing
readers to read the biography) for this book.
 Board Game
 You will create a Civil War board game. It should include relevant events and situations
that might happen during this time period.
DUE DATE: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6TH
 After Chattanooga, Lincoln places
Ulysses S. Grant in charge of Union
troops.
 Grant believed in “continuous
offense,” he believed the south
needed to lose the will to fight.
 General Sherman was placed in
charge of the invasion of Georgia.
 Changes:
 battles were lasting longer with little
rest;
 war was taken to the civilian population
 Union soldiers lived off the land and
farms of southerners, and therefore did
not need supplies
Grant
Sherman
 Why Atlanta?
 Atlanta considered second
most important city
 Industrial city.
 Railroads= movement of
troops, food, weapons
 Which states suffer when
Atlanta railroads get cut off?
 Battle of Kennesaw
Mountain was part of
Sherman’s Atlanta
campaign
 The south won, but it did not
meet its goal of causing
Sherman’s troops to leave
Georgia.
 Video time!
 In July 1864, Sherman enters
Atlanta. Fighting goes on for
two months.
 Sherman sends his troops to
surround the city to destroy
roads and railroads to cut the
city off from aid.
 Southern General Hood
finally retreats into Alabama.
 Sherman takes Atlanta on
September 2nd, 1864.
 Election of 1864: Lincoln secures victory in second election after Sherman
takes Atlanta
 Sherman’s new tactic: total war
 Union troops destroyed railroads and bridges, ate food from Georgia farms,
and burned up the cotton crop.
 March began with 60,000
men.
 Sherman marched through
Georgia (to Savannah) and
then to South Carolina.
 Columbia, SC was burned
down.
 Sherman’s March left bad
feelings between the north
and south years after the
war was over.
In what ways did the war change as it neared its end?
What was Sherman’s tactic to defeat the south?
 There will be a test next Thursday on the Civil War.
 We will spend Tuesday AND Wednesday reviewing for the test, but this will not
be enough for you to do well.
 This is the first BIG grade of the new year. Let’s start off with a solid grade!
 You Should:
 Review your notes this weekend
 Review the open notes quiz
 Make flash cards
 Make a timeline
 REVIEW YOUR NOTES THIS WEEKEND.
 Write a diary entry (almost a page…don’t be lazy!) as if you were a Union
prisoner in the prison camp. Demonstrate your understanding of the conditions
by using information from the video, passage, and quotes.
Turning point in
the war
Fort Sumter (SC)
4/12/1861
Battle of Gettysburg
(PA)
7/3/1863
South Carolina
shows dominance
Union controls MS
River
Battle of Antietam
(MD)
9/17/1862
Battle of Vicksburg
(MS)
7/4/1863
Bloodiest one-day
battle in American
history; ended
stalemate
Lincoln issues
Emancipation
Proclamation
1/1/1863
War enters
Georgia
Surrender @
Appomattox Court
House
4/9/1865
Allows Sherman to
begin March to the Sea
using total war tactics
Battle of Chattanooga
(TN)
8/21/1863
Battle of Atlanta
(GA)
7/22/1864
Bragg retreats to
Georgia
Southern victory,
but Sherman
presses on
Battle of
Chickamauga (GA)
9/20/1863
Union kicked out
of Georgia
Kennesaw Mountain
(GA)
6/27/1864
 Explain how the battle of Antietam and the battle of
Gettysburg are similar.