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The First Half of the War Dec. 8th 1941 I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize • Boosting American Morale – With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S. was forced to watch the Japanese build a Pacific Empire – FDR was desperate for a victory to show that the U.S. would fight • Doolittle Raids – – – – Japan was outside of our bomber’s range to attack Or was it…? The story… Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in military terms, but in morale terms Looking for someone ???? Ha, ha, ha… I told you not to bring your damn plane! • Once Again (see WWI) the American Economy revved up for war – Many of the same themes as WWI • Production shifted to war materials • The government took greater control of the economy to manage it for war aims • Minority groups were called upon to contribute, which caused some tension because they hoped for equality in return Part II. America’s Wartime Economy • Gov’t Oversaw the Economy – Rationing – Massive borrowing to finance the war Savings Bonds – Propaganda • Films Why We Fight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm3GsSWKyso&safety_mode =true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (start at 1:30) – American production boomed • In 1940 (pre war) America produced $100 billion worth of goods. In 1945 $220 billion. • Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war) 6,000. In 1943 85,000. • Interesting Side Note Keynesian Economics Won Legitimacy – Why? • New Deal gov. spending had weakened, but not ended, the Great Depression. World War II spending, much greater than New Deal spending, did. – After the war, most economists accepted Keynesian principles • Gov. should use its weight to minimize the business cycle New Deal WWII Part III. The Fighting Allies WWII Teams • Poland • Britain • France Additions: • USSR • U.S. •China • and over 40 other countries Axis • Germany • Japan •Italy •7 other small countries Battle of the Atlantic (1941 – 1943) • Battle between Britain, U.S., and Germany over control of Atlantic Ocean • From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle using UBoats to destroy cargo ships •By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic •Convoys •New technologies •The Hedgehog •Catapult planes •Sonar • Significant because U.S. now able to safely provide supplies, weapons, soldiers to war in Europe Convoys The Hedgehog Struggle Over a 2nd Front • Germany launched the bulk of its military at the Soviet Union •America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union (Communist) but we hated Hitler more •Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed an alliance •Starting in 1942 (after Pearl Harbor) Stalin desperately called on the Americans and British to invade Western Europe to open a 2nd front •This would divide Germany’s forces •America and Britain delayed •Why? •Our explanation An amphibious invasion is hard •A possible alternative? Do we really mind if the Soviets and Germans kill each other? Southern Front (1942 – 1943) •Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North Africa, and eventually on into Italy •Called “Operation Torch” •American General Eisenhower fought against German General Rommel (“the Desert Fox”). •See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but… •…not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler •The ALPS! • Allied victory, but long and slow The Pacific • About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s increased production allowed us to start to win battles in the Pacific against Japan – Rebuilt Pacific navy • Two key early battles – Coral Sea – Midway Battle of Coral Sea (1942) • five day battle where the Japanese were trying to take over Australia • Japanese vs. Americans & Australians • all fighting was done by planes • first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese attack had been stopped Battle of Midway (1942) • Japan wanted to seize this island near Hawaii • U.S. broke a Japanese code allowing us to successfully defend the island • the U.S. bombed and destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes • turning point in War in the Pacific • led to the Island Hopping Campaign Hansen U.S. History Name ___________________ Period __________________ Lecture #3- The First Half of WWII (part a) Part I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize • Boosting American Morale Part III The Fighting – With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S. was • World War II Teams forced _______________________________ – Allies Poland, Britain, France, _________________ ________________________________________ ____________________________________________ – FDR was ________________________________ to – Axis powers Germany, Japan, and Italy _______ show that the U.S. would fight • Battle of the Atlantic (1941-1943) • ______________________ – Battle between _________________________ over – Japan was outside of our _______________________ control of Atlantic Ocean – Or was it…? – From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle – The story… _______________________________________ using _______________________________ _________________________________________________ – By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic – Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in __________ , • Convoys- ____________________________ but in ____________________ ____________________________________ • Once Again (see WWI) the American Economy revved up for war • New technologies – Many of the same themes as WWI – __________________ • Production _______________________________ – Catapult planes • The government ___________________________ – Sonar - ________________________ _____________________ to manage it for war aims – Significant because U.S. now able to ______________ • __________________ were called upon to contribute, _____________________________ to war in Europe which caused some tension because they _________ ____________________________________________ • Struggle over ___________________________ Part II. America’s Wartime Economy – Germany launched the bulk of its military at ________ __________________________________________ • Gov’t Oversaw the Economy – America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union – _______________________ (Communist) but ______________________________ – Massive _____________________ the war Savings Bonds • Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed – Propaganda ___________________ • Films ________________________ – Starting in 1942 (________________) Stalin – American production boomed desperately called on the Americans and British to • In 1940 (________) America produced $___________ ___________________to open a 2nd front worth of _______. In 1945 $_____________. • This would _________________________ • Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war) ______. – America and Britain delayed In 1943 ___________. • Why? – Interesting Side Note ______________________________ – Our explanation _______________ ______________________ _______________________________ – Why? _______________________________ • New Deal gov. spending had ____________________ – A possible alternative? Do we really _________________ , the Great Depression. _______ mind if _________________________ ________________________ , much greater than ______________________________? New Deal spending, ___________. – After the war, most economists accepted Keynesian principles • ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ • Southern Front – Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North Africa, _______________________________________ • Called ___________________________ • American General ________________ fought against German General Rommel (“the _____________”). – See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but… • …not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler • ________________________ – Allied victory, but _______________ • The Pacific Front – About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s ____________ _______________ allowed us to start to win battles in the Pacific against Japan • ____________________________ – Two key early battles • Coral Sea • Midway – Coral Sea • five day battle where the Japanese were ___________ ________________________________________ • Japanese vs. Americans & Australians • all fighting was ______________________ • first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese _________ _________________________________________ – Midway • Japan wanted to seize this island near Hawaii • U.S. _________________________ allowing us to successfully defend the island • the U.S. bombed and destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes • _________________________________________ • led to the Island Hopping Campaign- ___________ __________________________________________